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Period: Jan 26, 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
Empire was founded by Turkish tribes under Osman Bey in north-western Anatolia during 1299. The conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed II in 1453 - the Ottoman state is established an empire. -
Period: Jan 26, 1340 to
Songhay Empire
The Songhai Empire was relatively big, and pushed its domination into the Sahara from the south. They had brought in their wealth from the trans-saharan trade and was ruled by an indigenous Muslim dynasty. Invaded by the North Western kingdom of Morocco which overpowered the Songhai's army. -
Period: Jan 26, 1368 to
Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Han Chinese -
Jan 25, 1371
Zheng He
Born Ma He, Zheng commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and East Africa from 1405 to 1433 -
Jan 25, 1394
Prince Henry the Navigator
Henry the Navigator, 15th century Portuguese prince, helped usher in both the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic slave trade -
Jan 25, 1395
Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg developed a method of movable type and used it to create one of the Western world's first major printed books, the “Forty-Two-Line” Bible -
Jan 25, 1413
Copernicus
Copernicus was instrumental in establishing the concept of a heliocentric solar system, in which the sun, rather than the earth, is the center of the solar system -
Period: Jan 26, 1415 to
Portugal
Portugal was one of the largest empires in history and at the peak of its power, was the first to reach global dimensions through a long network of numerous territories and smaller possessions -
Period: Jan 26, 1428 to Jan 26, 1521
The Aztec Empire
The Aztec Empire, or the Triple Alliance, began as an alliance of three Nahua city-states: Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Mexico-Texcoco, and Mexico-Tlacopan. -
Jan 25, 1432
Mehmed II
Mehmed II, best known as Mehmed the Conqueror, was an Ottoman sultan who ruled first for a short time from August 1444 to September 1446, and later from February 1451 to May 1481 -
Period: Jan 26, 1438 to
Inca
Inca Empire was the largest empire in Pre-Colombian America. -
Jan 25, 1450
Triangle Trade
The Triangle Trade carried slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers, with the northern colonies of Britain -
Jan 25, 1450
Bartolomeu Dias
Was the first European mariner to go around the southern tip of Africa. -
Jan 26, 1450
Forbidden City
Forbidden City. The walled section of Beijing where emperors lived between 1121 and 1924. -
Period: Jan 27, 1450 to
France
Succeeded by his grandson, Louis XVI, France was in debt during and after his rule due to loss of 7 years' war to British -
Jan 25, 1451
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus discovered the "New World" of the Americas on an expedition sponsored by King Ferdinand to find a better route to India. -
Jan 26, 1460
Vasco de Gama
He was the first explorer to reach India by sea. -
Jan 26, 1464
Sunni Ali
Sunni Ali was the first king of the Songhai Empire. -
Jan 26, 1469
Machiavelli
Known for writing The Prince, a handbook for unscrupulous politicians that inspired the term "Machiavellian" -
Jan 26, 1470
Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition was The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition. -
Jan 26, 1475
Vasco de Balboa
Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. -
Jan 26, 1476
Pizarro
Pizarro helped Vasco de Balboa discover the Pacific Ocean and founded its capital, Lima -
Jan 26, 1480
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan led the first European voyage of discovery to circumnavigate the globe -
Jan 26, 1483
Martin Luther
Martin Luther changed Christianity when he began the Protestant Reformation in 16th-century Europe. -
Jan 26, 1485
Cortes
Cortes (Spanish conquistador) overthrew the Aztec empire and won Mexico for the crown of Spain. -
Jan 26, 1487
Shah Ismail
Ismail was the founder and the first ruler of the Safavid Dynasty. -
Jan 26, 1491
Loyola
Loyola was a Spanish priest and theologian, was the founder of the religious order called the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and became its first Superior General. -
Jan 26, 1492
Columbian Exchange
The Colombian Exchange refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life. -
Jan 25, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
Founded by Ignatius of Loyola, and Spanish nobleman, that helped the Protestant win back some adherent through their teaching/preaching. The activities of this new religious order were very important to the Catholic Reformation. -
Jan 26, 1494
Suleyman
Suleyman during his time, was the tenth and longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to his death in 1566 -
Jan 26, 1502
Montezuma II
Montezuma II was the ninth ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520 -
Period: Jan 27, 1502 to
Safavid Empire
Safavid Empire was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history. -
Jan 26, 1509
John Calvin
Calvin was Martin Luther's successor as the preeminent Protestant theologian, he made a powerful impact on the fundamental doctrines of Protestantism. -
Aug 23, 1514
The Battle of Chaldiran
The Battle of Chaldiran took place on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. -
Period: Jan 27, 1516 to
Spain
Spain reached the peak of its military, political and economic power under the Spanish Hamburgs. -
Jan 26, 1517
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church -
Period: Jan 27, 1526 to
Mughal
Mughal Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty of Chagatai Turco-Mongol origin from Central Asia. -
Jan 26, 1533
Atahualpa
Atahualpa was the last Inca ruler, executed by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro in 1533, marked the end of the Inca empire -
Jan 26, 1542
Akbar
Akbar was a Muslim emperor of India, established a sprawling kingdom through military conquests, but is known for his policy of religious tolerance. -
Jan 26, 1545
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent, held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento and Bologna, northern Italy, was one of the Roman Catholic Church's most important ecumenical councils. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. -
Jan 26, 1547
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. -
Jan 26, 1552
Matteo Ricci
Matteo was an Italian Jesuit priest and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China missions. -
Jan 26, 1564
Galileo
Galileo made pioneering observations that laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy that are still used today. -
Hobbes
Hobbes was an English philosopher in the 17th century, he was best known for his book Leviathan and his political views on society. -
Neo-Confucianism
"Neo-Confucianism" is the name commonly applied to the revival of the various strands of Confucian philosophy and political culture that began in the middle of the 9th century and reached new levels of intellectual and social creativity in the 11th century in the Northern Song Dynasty. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa Shogunate was the last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1603 and 1867. The head of government was the shogun, and each was a member of the Tokugawa clan. -
Joint Stock Company
A joint-stock company is a business entity in which different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders. -
Jamestown
Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. -
Locke
Locke was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". -
Louis XIV
King Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes, he is known for his aggressive foreign policy. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
The Manchus family seizes China and formed the Qing dynasty. Advanced Chinese institutions and philosophy to higher level than Yuan Dynasty. -
Kangxi
Kangxi was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty. -
Enlightenment
Enlightenment was an intellectual movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century -
Voltaire
Voltaire was an author of the satirical novella 'Candide,' Voltaire is one of France's greatest Enlightenment writers. -
Qianlong
Qianlong was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China. -
Rousseau
Rousseau was a philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century. His political philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and across Europe. -
Peter the Great
Catherine the Great was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia. -
The Seven Year War
The Seven Year War was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every European great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire and spanned five continents. -
Quebec
The modern province of Quebec occupies much of the land where French settlers founded in the colony of Canada.