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Period: Nov 18, 1280 to
Commercial Revolution
A time of colonialism, and mercantilism in Europe. This caused a huge rise in economy expansion as well. -
Period: Nov 10, 1500 to
Height of Mercantilism in Europe
During this time trade was extremely popular. The ideals of Mercantilism consist of have more exports than imports, and relies heavily on consumers. -
Nov 4, 1529
The Ottoman Siege of Vienna
The Siege of Vienna in 1529 was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire to capture the city of Vienna, Austria. The siege signalled the increase of the Ottoman Empire's power and the extent of Ottoman expansion in central Europe. After, 150 years of bitter military tension and attacks ensued, ending in the Battle of Vienna of 1683. -
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Baroque Period - Art and Music
A beautiful time period, the music and art was often exaggerated. Art was extremely popular at this time, and considered a very high form of expression. -
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Golden Age of Netherlands
A period for the Dutch spanning approximately all of the 17th Century. During this time Dutch trade, science, military, and art were some of the most acclaimed in the world. -
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Consumer Revolution
During this time, Europe fully explored different luxuries. These could be provided to all social classes and were often quite affordable. -
The Trial of Galilea
After refusing to revoke his scientific views, Galileo was persecuted by the church, and forced under house arrest until his death. -
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English Civil War
A series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists over England's government. -
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Reign of Louis XIV (Sun King)
During Louis's reign, France was the leading European power and it fought three major wars: the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession.Under his rule, the Edict of Nantes which granted rights to Huguenots was abolished. The revocation effectively forced Huguenots to emigrate. Louis XIV managed to virtually destroy the French Protestant minority, which had survived more than 150 years of wars and persecution under previous French kings. -
Peace of Westphalia
The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648.This ended a thirty year war that devastated many lives. -
The Leviathan - Thomas Hobbes
In his book, he summarizes that social peace and and unity are best achieved by establishing commonwealth. This heavily influenced the opinions of many ranging from nobles to peasants about social order. -
Navigation Acts
In an attempt to solidify authority with Parliament, Oliver Cromwell established the navigation acts, which tightened the governments control on trade. -
English Monarchy Restored
King Charles II, the first monarch to rule after the English Restoration. The Restoration of the English monarchy began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Interregnum that followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. -
Great Plague of London
Lasting for a year, this was the very last appearance of the Bubonic Plague in England. -
Test Act of England
English statute that excluded from public office (both military and civil) all those who refused to take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, who refused to receive the communion according to the rites of the Church of England, or who refused to renounce belief in the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation. Although directed primarily against Roman Catholics, it also excluded Protestant nonconformists. In 1678 it was extended to members of Parliament. -
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Reign of Peter the Great
Through a number of successful wars he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, westernized, and based on The Enlightenment. Peter's reforms made a lasting impact on Russia and many institutions of Russian government trace their origins to his reign. -
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Originally, the Edict of Nantes provided french Protestants rights of worship in a catholic nation. However, Louis XIV revoked this and had all protestant churches destroyed. -
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The Enlightenment
This was a time of science and philosophy. Many new values were established, and a lot of people had quite a bit to say on standards of ruling and domestic lives. -
Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton
The Principia states Newton's laws of motion, forming the foundation of classical mechanics; Newton's law of universal gravitation; and a derivation of Kepler's laws of planetary motion. The Principia is "justly regarded as one of the most important works in the history of science" -
Two Treatises of Government by John Locke
The book focuses heavily on what's wrong with a Patriarchy, and can even be considered a response to Sir Robert Filmer, in particular his Patriarcha, which argued that civil society was founded on a divinely sanctioned patriarchalism. -
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Agricultural Revolution
During this time, technological advancements in agriculture was on the rise, which helped all over. Crops developed much faster and stronger, which allowed people to be well fed. -
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Enclosure Movement
Basically, wealthier farmers bought land from poor farmers, and economically benefited from farming huge tracts of land. -
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War of Spanish Succession
In this time, a Spanish king passed away without an heir, but left his kingdom to a French king. Many countries felt threatened by this, and felt that him controlling the two large countries could be dangerous for them, and declared war in response. -
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Reign of Maria Theresa in Austria
Theresa was the only woman to ever rule in the Hapsburg Dynasty for 450 years. She accomplished quite a bit as an archduchess, Holy Roman Empress, and Queen. -
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War of Austrian Succession
This started with Prussia invading different places, causing an outcry, which caused Britain to be involved. This started a conflict between France and Britain which continued for quite awhile. -
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Reign of Frederick the Great in Prussia
Frederick established new military standards, and had a very high religious tolerance. While he did mildly expand his territory, he was always very hesitant to use his army as he was very proud and adored it. -
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Rococo Period - Art and Music
An 18th-century artistic movement and style, affecting many aspects of the arts including painting, sculpture, architecture, interior design, decoration, literature, music, and theater. The style was very decorative and beautiful. -
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Seven Years War
The Seven Years war was essentially comprised of two different events. Firstly, England and their struggles with Spain and France. Second Prussia and it's enemies. -
Diplomatic Revolution
The fall of many longstanding alliances in Europe between the Austrian Succession and the 7 years war. -
The Social Contract by Jean Jacques Rousseau
This book discusses freedoms we have at birth, and social standards. Some people felt threatened by this, others praised and looked at it as a topic for success. -
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Rein of Catherine the Great
Catherine the Great was the most renowned and longest female ruler of Russia in her time, although she did heavily rely on her favorite nobles to guide the country. -
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American Revolution
The colonists in the New World had enough of the British Monarchy, and rejected their rules to become their own independent country. Thus, they poured tea shipments into the ocean. -
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Reign of Napoleon Bonapart
Napoleon was a French Military Leader turned emperor, who conquered a good portion of Europe during his rule. -
Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith
A new view on economics for nations, as implied. It was praised quite a bit, and was an interesting take from the philosopher. -
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Classical Period - Art and Music
Classical music has a lighter, clearer texture than Baroque music and is less complex. Sculptures were quite popular in art at this time. -
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Slave Revolt in Haiti
This was one of the most successful slave revolts in history. The entire colony revolted, and not only gained freedom, but took control of the colony from France. -
Jenner's Smallpox Vaccination
Jenner noticed a trend with Cowpox, and decided to test it on an 8 year old boy. He scratched cowpox into the boy's skin, and after it healed had the boy contract smallpox, but he healed. -
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The Congress of Vienna
This was a conference in Vienna, chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel. It was filled with European ambassadors. -
The Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William of Orange. -
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French Revolution
In France, peasants felt that a lot of things were unfair. So the beheaded their king, and eventually everyone else who had too much power. -
A Vindication on the Rights of Women
Written by Mary Wollstonecraft, she described moral and political subjects, mostly concerning early women's rights and prejudices.
