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Oct 30, 1450
Christoper Columbus
Christopher Columbus was born on October 30, 1450 in Genoa, Italy. He was legendary explorer who sailed the seas. His first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean had nearly cost him his life. He had went on other voyages in Spain. While sailing his first voyage, his ship was burned and he has to swim all the way back to the shore. -
Mar 9, 1454
Vespucci
Vespucci was born on March 9, 1454 in Florence, Italy. His full name is Amerigo Vespucci. That's how the country America was named. Vespucci did things like be a Florentine Navigator, and an explorer. Amerigo then died sometime in 1512 in Seville, Spain. -
Dec 3, 1460
Ponce De Leon
Juan Ponce De Leon was born on December 3, 1460 in Sines, Germany. He had become interested in sailing through Christopher Columbus. It was no doubt he'd become a sailor and on his first expedition Columbus had joined him. After a rumor went on about gold, he went off on a search. Soon in 1521, he set off to build a colony which wasn't easy at all. -
Dec 28, 1480
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan was born sometime in 1480. There wasn't exactly a date known. He was born in either Porto, or Sabrosa Circo. As a young boy he studied mapmaking and navigation. By his 20s he was sailing fleets and engaged in combats. -
Jan 5, 1540
John White
John White was born in 1540. There wasn't an exact date to when he was born. He was an English artist and early pioneer to settle in North America. White had been among those who sailed to a shore of present day North Carolina in 1585. During then he acted as an artist and mapmaker on the expedition. -
Jan 5, 1552
Sir Walter Raleigh
Sir Walter Raleigh was either born in 1552 or 1554. He grew up in a village near East Budleigh, famous in Devon. He was the youngest of five sons. Sir Walter Raleigh was an English explorer, soldier and a writer. He had fought with the French Huguenots and then studied later at Oxford. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials started in Massachusetts in 1692. 19 innocent men and children were hanged for witchcraft. Men were even pressed to death by stones after he refused trial. Even if you didn't do witch craft, you couldn't object or say your thoughts. If you were accused you would be punished either way. -
James Oglethorpe
James Oglethorpe was born on December 22, 1696 in Godalming, United Kingdom. Oglethorpe did many things. He was a British General, Member of Parliament, philanthropist, and the founder of the colony of Georgia. As one of the reformers, he hoped to resettle Britains poor in the New World. After he returned to England, he was elected Member of Parliament for Halesmere in 1722. -
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in Boston Massachusetts. He had been born in the thirteen colonies at the time. Franklin had helped in the Battle of Yorktown by getting France money and ammunition. For his reason of helping, he wanted the thirteen colonies to separate from Britain. Even though Benjamin was one of the U.S founding fathers, he helped the 13 colonies gain Independence. -
Thomas Gage
Thomas Gage was born in 1721 in Firle, Sussex, England. He ended being in 3 battles. Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Monongahela, and the Battle of Fontency. In his first battle, Battle of Mononhaela, he was accused of using poor field tactics. This had prevented him from getting 44th command. As years went by he was given command of British forces back in England. -
George Washington
George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He had served from 1879-1787 as a general and a commander in chief in colonial armies. This was during the American Revolution at the time. He then later became president of the U.S. George Washington had then died December 14, 1799 in Mount Vernon, Virginia. -
John Adams
John Adams was born October 30, 1735 in BrainTree, Massachusetts. He was a popular American lawyer and thought anyone who was accused of a crime should have a lawyer. Nine soliders were accused of a crime and he had become their lawyer. Only two men were proven guilty. He had stayed in France during the war and helped capture a British ship with the Americans. Around the 1780s he arranged traties with European Nations. -
Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine was born on February 9, 1737 in Thetford, United Kingdom. He was an English-American political activist, philosopher theorist, and revolutionary. Since he was born in Thetford, Norfolk, he embrigated to the British American colonies in 1774. At this time he got Benjamin Franklin's help. He had just arrived in time for the American Revolution to start. -
Charles Cornwallis
Charles Cornwallis was born on December 31, 1738 in Grosvenor Square, London, United Kingdom. As the colonists were opposing the British, he was in the House of the Lords. During the Battle of Princeton he outflanked George Washinton's troops even though they were in a defensive position. As he thought of cuttin off American supplies, he wanted to drive them back. Charles Cornwallis was in 3 battles and only surrendered in one of them. -
Benedict Arnold
Benedict Arnold was born on January 14th, 1721 in Norwich, Connecticut. His first wife was Margeret Mansfield but soon after he married Peggy Shippen. He had 8 kids in the end. In the Revolutionary War he was the war hero. Benedict Arnold helped capture Ft. Ticonderoga and hindered a British invasion. Arnold also brought out the British general at the Battle of Saratoga. -
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 in Shadwell, Virginia. He was one of the earliest supporters of American Freedom. During the war he played a central role in the war with drafting Declaration of Independence. He never actually fought in wars as a soldier but he fought with powerful words. Instead he fought the British in a different way than soldiers did. -
Marquis de Lafayette
Marquis de Lafayette was born on September 6, 1757 in Chavaniac- Lafayette, France. He was a volunteer for the Revoluntionary War and he tried to convince 7 other French Generals to join as well. He ended up playing a very important part in the war. Marquis fought in another war after Valley Forge and was then considered a traitor. Even though he tried to escape, Australian soldiers ended up catching him. -
Sugar Act
The Sugar act started on April 5, 1764 in Great Britain. There are three things this act could do. It valved the duty on foreign- made molasses from 6 pence to 3 pence per gallon. This also increased the tax on goods including sugar, wines and coffee. Enforcement of the law was stengthened by allowing the trial to be held by a jury. -
Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was repealed in 1776 due to large part to the location part of colonist actions. This act was not repealed until a new set of taxes was levied on colonies. It was a direct tax on the Americans in 1765. Taxes had become very personal for the colonists because it drove up the cold of living. The Stamp Act the ended on November 1, 1765. -
Boston Port Act
It's an act of Parliament for Great Britain and became a law on March 31st, 1774. The Boston Port Act is one of the Intolerable/Coercive Acts. It basically explains where the people who were throwing tea away got punished for doing it. You couldn't object or put any of your thoughts on it even if you weren't the one destroying the tea.The British were attacking the people so they threw away tea so taxes didn't raise and then they didn't have to pay so much. -
Massachusetts Government Act
Massachusetts Government Act is another one of the Intolerable/Coercive Acts. It was passed by the Great Britain Parliment on May 20th, 1774. But it received royal assent in 1691.Basically this act ended up creating more outrage than the Port Act did. The Massachusetts Government had ended up stopping the government, only to bring it under British government control. All the positions in the government were supposed to be stopped by the king or government. This feared the people. -
Administration of Justice Act
This Intolerbale Act became a law on May, 20th, 1774. The Administration of Justice Act is also called or known as the Murdering Act or Murder Act. During this act, the governor was allowed to move trials of accused royal officals to a different colony if he believed they couldn't get a fair trial. The offical could also be moved to Great Britain. Witnesses would get paid for their travel expenses but few colonists could afford leaving work and going over ocean to testify. -
Quebec Act
The Quebec Act's passage led it to be labeled as one of the Intolerable Acts. But it was a piece of legislation unrelated to Bston events.This at enlarged the boundaries of the province for Quebec itself. Quebec Act had offended varieties of interest groups in the Brtish colonies. Tons of land speculators and settlers objected to go to the western lands and they feared the establishment of Catholcism in Quebec and that some French Canadians were being courted to help oppress the Americans. -
Revolutionary War
The Revolutionary War started on April 19, 1775 and ended September 3, 1783. In the American Revolutionary War, there were no uniforms. But there was also limited supplies of weapons. There were 2 main techniques, Marksman Techniques and Napoleonic Techniques. Cannons, submarines, and pistols were highly used in this war. -
Battle of Bunker Hill
Bunker Hill was maybe considered a Rally Call for the colonists. This means it could be the turning point for war. Even though the British had won the war, their order 'DONT FIRE UNTIL YOU SEE THE WHITE IN THEIR EYES" was for how many British sodiers had been killed. This was very important. Bunker Hill had poved that the militiamen could stand up to the British soldiers. During the was 800 British soldiers were wounded ad 200 were killed while 370n Militia were wounded and very few deaths. -
Battle of Quebec
This war fought between the American Army forces and the British defenders on December 31, 1775. There were about 1,200 soldiers on both sides, American and Canadian. Benedict Arnold had sent 1,000 to Canada. Arnold had arrived first before Quebec Garrison. Benedict Arnold and Brigadier Richard Montgomery had commanded all the American troops to Quebec, Canada. -
Battle of Trenton
The Battle of Trenton took place on December 25, 1776. On the exact day, Washington's army successfully defeated the British. The British didn't even have time to fire their guns. Americans fired on the Britsh from the front and rear view of the town. They even fired from houses in town. The British realized they were losing and retreated to a nearby orchard. Battle of Trenton left 20 people dead and 100 wounded. 1,000 soldiers were captured by Americans. The American army increased. -
Battle of Saratoga
The Battle of Saratoga was fought in 1777 during fall, but only lasted 18 days. This battle was held in Saratoga county in New York. British forces has only 500 casualties. American armies raised up their forces to 6500 because of home owners getting mad. British then joined American side to help them win it didn't paid off in the end. -
Winter at Valley Forge
George Washington's army stayed at Valley Forge in the 1777-78 winters. About 11,000 soldiers stayed there and were not well fed or clothes. At some point many men got sick and about 2,000 soldiers died. Women were there with them to care for the soldiers. By spring of 1778, the army was strong and ready for the fighting. -
Battle of Charleston
The Battle of Charleston started on March 29, 1780 between the 13 colonies and the British. It went from 1775 to 1783. This Battle was located in Charleston, South Carolina. British forces had up to 10,000 troops while the American's almost had 5,000. In the end, British lost 250 soldiers and captured 3,000 colonists and weapons. Colonists ended up surrendering to the British. -
Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown started on September 28, 1781 in Virginia. Both Americans and the French fought for the fort against the British. There were about 8,800 Americans and 7,800 British. Nearby the British had settled in Yorktown while the French captured Chesapeake Bay. After a while British conductor Cornwallis surrendered after 3 weeks. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris was signed in Paris on September, 3, 1783. It was signed by representatives of King George III from Great Britain and representatives from the U.S. This led the American Revolutionart War to end. The treaty along with others from Great Britain and the U.S that supported the cause of America is known as the Peace of Paris. It's territorial provisions had been generous in terms of enlarged boundaries for the U.S. -
Shays Rebellion
The Shays Rebellion was the name given from an amount of protests in 1786 and 1787. This was by American farmers agains the state of tax collections and judgements of debts. The rebellion was the most serious in Massachusetts. It threatened them by bad harvests, economic depression, and taxes which could lead them to losing their farms. Shays Rebellion took the name from its leader. -
Bill of Rights
The first amendments of the Bill of Rights were first ratified on December 15, 1791. Only the first 10 amendments are in this. Even though it was written by James Madison, it lists specific prohibitions of power for the government. But the Virginia Delclaration of Rights was written by George Mason and highly influenced Madison. The governments power had some limits due to the lack of the Bill of Rights -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase started in 1803 with no exact date. With this the U.S was able to purchase almost a total of 828,000,000 square miles of land territory from France. This made the young republic double its size. Louisiana Purchase stretched from the Mississippi River to the east to the Rocky Mountains, west and from the Gulf of Mexico, south to the Canadian border and right to the north. Out of this 15 states were equally created. -
Robert E Lee
Robert E. Lee was born on January 19, 1807 in Stratford Hall, Virginia. He was an American soldier known for commanding Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. This went on in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865. Lee was one of the top graduates of the United States Military Academy. He was also an exceptional officer and military engineer for 32 years in the U.S Armies. -
Seminole War
The Seminole Wars were around 1817 or 1818. They were also called the Florida Wars. These wars were 3 conflicts between the Seminole and Florida. The first war was from 1816-1819. The second war was from 1835-1842. Last but not least the 3rd war was from 1855-1858. -
Battle of Alamo
The Battle of Alamo started on February 23, 1836. The arrival of General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's army had caught them by surprise outside San Antonio. The Texians and Tejanos had thought to defend Alamo together. Defenders had lasted 13 days against Santa Anna's army. The Battle of Alamo had then lasted until March 6, 1836. -
The Panic of 1837
The Panic of 1837 didnt have an exact date but it did start in the year 1837. Martin Van Buren had been better using Presidental power than for himself. He had been elected in 1836 as President. But before he even entered the White House, he began seeing financial problems. By 1837 Buren had become President and the banks were already in trouble. -
Trail of Tears
The Cherokee nation was forced to give up land east of the Mississippi River and migrate to Oklahoma in 1838 & 1839. They then named this journey the Trail of Tears. The effects of this was devastating. migrants faced hunger, disease, exhaustion from the forced march. In the end, 4,000 out of 15,000 of the Cherokees had died. -
Harpers Ferry Raid
John Brown and his supporters had left their farmhouse hide-out to route Harpers Ferry. On the 17th of October, Brown and his men captured citizens and seized the federal army. He had hoped that slave population would join them in the raid. This means that trough success, weapons would be supplied to the slaves and fighters of freedom around the country. Brown took refuge that day in the engine house from the militia. -
Pony Express
The journey of the Pony Express started on April 3, 1860. Plans for this had been spurred by Civil War threats. Pony Express contained men riding horses carrying saddlebags across 2000 mile trails in relays. The first westbound journey was made 9 days and 23 hours while the eastbound made 11 days and 12 hours. Pony riders ended up covering 250 miles in 24 hours. -
American Civil War Begins
The Civil War was the central event for America's historic. The Civil War of 1861-1865 determined what kind of nation there would be. This war had to fundamental questions. Whether the U.S was to be dissolvable confederation of sovereign states or an indivisible nation with sovereign government. Another one was whether the nation with all men being treated equal would still exist as the largest slaveholding country in the entire world. -
First Battle of Bull Run
The First Battle of Bull Run was fought on July 21, 1861. This was also called the First Manassas. The battle was fought in Prince William County, Virginia. Prince William County was near Manassas but not far from Washington D.C. Unions forces had been slow in positioning themselves and each side had 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in the first battle. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. This was as the nation was facing its third bloody civil war. The Proclamation delcared that all people held as slaves should be free. But this could oly happen in states within rebellious states. The Proclamation was limited in so many ways. It applied only to states that had seceded from the Union. This left slavery untouched in the loyal border state -
Battle of Getysburg
Battle of Getysburg fought on July 1, 1863 in Getysburg, Pennsylvania. They fought by Union and Confederate forces while in the Civil War in America. During this war, the biggest amount of casualties were involved. This is mostly at this point called the turning point of war. George Meade's Army of Potomac defeated the attacks of Robeet E Lee's Army of Northern Virginia then. -
Sand Creek Massacre
The Sand Creek Massacre occured on November 29, 1864. It was an atrocity in the American Indian Wars. A 700 man force of Colorado Territory Militia attacked a peaceful village. It was then destroyed and it was in Cheyenne and Arpaho. They ended up killiing 70-163 people. About two thirds were woman and children. -
President Abraham Assassinated
On April 14, 1865 in Washington D.C, Abraham Lincoln was shot fatally. The murderer was John Wilkes Booth, a confederate sympathizer and famous actor. This incident happened at Ford's Theatre while a play was going on. But the attack came 5 days after the American Civil War ended. Only after Robert E. Lee surrendered his army at a court house in Virginia. -
Cold War
The Cold War was between the 1947 period. This war was a state of political and military tension after World War I. It had been between the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term cold was meant to mean because there was large scale fighting directly between two sides. But there was the Proxy Wars which were supported by 2 sides. -
Battle of Lexington
The Battle of Lexington had fought on April 19, 1775. Tensions had been building up between American colonies and British authorities. Hundreds of British troops had marched all the way to Concord from Boston to seize an arms cache. A confrontation on Lexington had started tbis battle. British had started retreating and colonists ended up winning.
