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Bank Failures
The banking system had failures when depositors rushed to withdraw their funds, creatin a wave of bank closures and financial instability. -
Rapid rise of unemployment
Unemployment rates soared during the depression, peaking at around 25% in 1933, leading to poverty and hard times for millions of Americans. -
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Great Depression
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Stock Market Crash
There were many causes of the 1929 stock market crash: growing bank loans, agricultural overproduction probelms, panic selling, higher interest rates, and a negative economy. -
Dust Bowl
ad conditions combined with poor farming practices led to the Dust Bowl in the Great Plains, causing massive crop failures, dust storms, and economic problems for farmers. -
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
This act raised tariffs on imported goods, contributing to a decline in international trade and worsening the global economic situation. -
Farmers' Plight
Agricultural prices plummeted during the depression, and many farmers had foreclosure and bankruptcy, leading to rural poverty and migration to cities in search of work. -
The Bonus Army
In 1932, thousands of World War I veterans, known as the Bonus Army, marched to Washington, D.C., asking for early payment of a bonus promised to them for their wartime service. Their protest showed economic hardship and unemployment during the depression. -
Banking Reforms
The Emergency Banking Act and the Glass-Steagall Act were passed to stabilize the banking system, restore public confidence, and separate commercial banking from investment banking. -
Emergency Banking Act
Passed after Franklin D. Roosevelt took office, the Emergency Banking Act aimed to stabilize the banking system by declaring a nationwide bank holiday and allowing the government to reorganize the solvent banks. -
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New Deal
FDR's New Deal programs aimed to provide recovery and reform during the depression, for example the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Social Security Act, and Works Progress Administration (WPA). -
Roosevelt's First Hundred Days
After taking office in 1933, Roosevelt launched a legislative activity known as the First Hundred Day, This period produced the passage of key New Deal programs and initiatives aimed at the economic crisis. -
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act was alegislation that created the Social Security program, providing retirement benefits, unemployment insurance, and assistance to children and disabled individuals. -
The Banking Act of 1935
This act, part of t Roosevelt's New Deal reforms, strengthened banking regulations and established the ddeposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to bank deposits and restore public confidence in the banking system. -
Supreme Court Packing Plan
Roosevelt proposed a plan to expand the number of justices on the Supreme Court., it created a debate about the balance of powers and the role of the judiciary during times of crisis. -
Fair Labor Standards Act
This act established minimum wage, maximum hours, and overtime pay standards, ans child labor restrictions, improving labor conditions and workers' rights during the Great Depression. -
German Invasion of Poland
Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, which started World War II in Europe. This invasion led Britain and France to declare war on Germany. -
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World War II
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Battle of Britain
the Battle of Britain took place in the skies over Britain. German air forces, known as the Luftwaffe, launched massive air attacks on British cities and military targets. The British Royal Air Force (RAF) successfully defended the country, preventing a German invasion. -
Lend-Lease Act
the United States passed the Lend-Lease Act to support Allied countries without joining the war directly. The US provided military aid, equipment, and supplies to nations like Britain and the Soviet Union, helping them fight against Axis powers -
Operation Barbarossa
Germany launched Operation Barbarossa, a massive invasion of the Soviet Union. The Germans went deep into Soviet territory, but harsh winters and Soviet resistance halted their progress, marking a turning point in the Eastern Front. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Japan launched a surprise attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. The attack destroyed American battleships and aircraft, leading to the United States' entry into World War II the following day. -
War Production Board
the War Production Board was formed in the Us. It coordinated industrial efforts to prioritize war production, ensuring that factories produced military equipment, weapons, and supplies needed for the war . -
Battle of Midway
the Battle of Midway was at a pivotal naval battle between the United States and Japan. US forces successfully defeated the Japanese, sinking several aircraft carriers and stopping Japan's expansion in the Pacific. The Battle of Midway shifted the balance of power in the region in favor of the Allies. -
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Internment of Japanese Americans
After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the US gov forcibly sent over 100,000 Japanese Americans to internment camps. This controversial policy aimed to prevent espionage and sabotage but led to the violation of civil rights for Japanese Americans. -
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Battle of Stalingrad
was a brutal conflict between Germans and Soviet forces. The Soviet army defended the city of Stalingrad against a German siege, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides. The Soviet victory marked a significant moment in the war. -
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Guadalcanal Campaign
This Campaign, fought from August 1942 to February 1943, was an important allied offensive in the Pacific. US landed on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands, enetring in intense battles against Japanese forces. The campaign resulted in a Allied victory and marked the beginning of the island-hopping strategy in the Pacific. -
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Rationing
Starting in 1942 and lasting until the end of the war in 1945, rationing programs were workingin the Uns. Rationing limited the availability of different goods: food, fuel, rubber, and metal to direct to the military and war industries. -
Rosie the Riveter
Rosie the Riveter symbolizes the contribution of women to the war. Women took on roles in factories and industries, producing war resources: airplanes, tanks, and ammunition. Rosie is an aexample offw the millions of women who joined the workforce during World War II. -
D-Day
Allies launched a major invasion of Normandy, France, in Operation Overlord. This operation, involved thousands of troops landing on beaches to liberate Western Europe from Nazi occupation, eventually leading to Germany's defeat. -
Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities: Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These bombings resulted in huge destruction and loss of life, and led to Japan's unconditional surrender and the end of WWII.