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The Invention of Research
"In the eighteeth century, two profound intellectual perspective concerning reason and individualism shaped Western thought : The Enlightenment became an indentifiable and coherent intellectual philosophy, the clearest expression of which was the intellectual attacks on what was believed to be unwarranted authority emanating from a variety of (dogmatic) nonscientific sources." -
Advancement of Learning
An interllectual learning ,known as the English Englightment took place at the same time. Francis Bacon's Advance of Learning became an accepted argument for the importance of emperica investigation. -
Smith vs. Rousseau
"From the mid-1700s there was an almost constant turmoil in England and Europe. The many disclocations from the Industrial Revolution led to two very diverse but equally influential responses. One was Adam Smith's (1723-1790) rational arguments, and the other was Jean-Jacques Rousseaus's (1712-1778) Romanthicism. -
The Wealth of Nations
"Adam Smith was one of the first to recognize the need for a science of human behavior. His Wealth of Nations (1776) was a deliberate effort to bring together the many reaons for a socil science." -
Essay on Population
"Eight years after Smith's death there occured a major intellectual and empirical development that contributed to the estblishment of social science- the publication of Malthus's Essay on Population (1798)."
