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1469
Isabella & Ferdinand unify Spain
Isabella & Ferdinand unified Spain with their marriage. -
Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII ruled in England
King Henry established the Church of England during his rule. -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I rules England
Queen Elizabeth I restored England to Protestantism. -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes granted religious tolerance and ended the French Wars of Religion -
Don Quixote is published
Don Quixote is often labeled as the first modern novel. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years War was a series of wars fought by many nations for various reasons -
Petition of Right signed
The Petition of Rights is an English constitutional document setting out specific individual protections against the state. -
Period: to
The Long Parliament
The Long Parliament took power away from the crown and made the Parliament more powerful. -
Period: to
Louis XIV reigns as king of France
King Louis established his country as a dominant European Power during his rule. -
Peace of Westphalia is signed
The Peace of Westphalia formally ended the Thirty Years War. -
Thomas Hobbes publishes “Leviathan”
The main theme of "Leviathan" included Hobbes' defense of a monarchy-style government -
Period: to
Charles II rules England
Charles guided his country through religious unrest due to his adaptability. -
Period: to
Peter the Great reigns as czar of Russia
Peter modernized Russia during his rule. -
Period: to
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution saw that King James II of England was deposed and succeeded by one of his daughters. -
English Bill of Rights signed
The Bill of Rights guaranteed certain rights of the citizens of England from the power of the crown. -
John Locke publishes “Two Treaties of Government”
John Locke's Two Treaties of Government proposed that government emerges from the consent of the government to protect their natural rights, -
Daniel Dafoe publishes “Robinson Crusoe”
Robinson Crusoe is a story about a young adventurer who gets lost at sea. -
Period: to
Sabastian Bach height of his career
Bach was a talented musician who composed over 1,000 pieces of music. -
Jonathan Swift publishes “Gulliver’s Travels”
Johnathan's Gulliver's Travels contributed to the emergence of the novel as a literary form in English. -
Period: to
Frederick II rules Prussia
Frederick vastly expanded Prussia's territory and military strength. -
Baron de Montesquieu publishes “The Spirit of Laws”
The Spirit of Laws says the influence of climate on society and the separation of political powers -
Denis Diderot publishes his “Encyclopedia”
The purpose of writing the Encyclopedia was to gather all available knowledge at the time. -
Period: to
Seven Years War
The Seven Years War was a conflict between France and Great Britain that began in 1754 as a dispute over North American land claims -
Voltaire publishes “Candide”
Candide is a satirical novel that reveals a world of horrors and folly. -
Period: to
George III rules England
George was king during the loss of the English colonies during the Revolutionary War. -
Jean Jacque Rousseau publishes “Social Contract”
The Social Contract states government attains its right to exist and to govern by the consent of the governed. -
Period: to
Catherine Great rules Russia
During her rule, Catherine westernized Russia. -
Period: to
Joseph II rules Austria
Joseph ordered the abolishment of serfdom during his rule. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre is when British sentries guarding the Boston Customs House shot into a crowd of civilians. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was when the colonists rebelled against the Stamp Act. -
Period: to
Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts were punishment on the colonists for the Boston Tea Party. -
Battle of Lexington & Concord
Battle of Lexington & Concord marked the start of the American Revolution -
Adam Smith publishes “Wealth of Nations”
The wealth of nations states our individual need to fulfill self-interest results in societal benefit -
Declaration of Independence signed
The Declaration of Independence was the founding document of the United States -
Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown ended the American Revolutionary -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation -
US Constitution ratified
The Constitution became the official framework of the government of the United States of America. -
Tennis Court Oath
The Tennis Court Oath stated the men of the National Assembly were to stop meeting until a constitution had been established -
Storming of the Bastille
The Storming was when revolutionary insurgents attempted to storm and seize control of the medieval armory. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Declaration was written to state certain unalienable, natural, and sacred rights of all men. -
Women’s march on Versailles
The Woman's March was organized by women in the marketplaces of Paris who complained about the price of bread. -
Declaration of the Rights of Woman
This Declaration was written in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Men to show that women had rights too. -
Mary Wollstonecraft publishes “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”
Mary's book argued for the empowerment of women. -
Period: to
Radical Phase (French Revolution)
The Radical Phase was when France was made a republic, abolishing the monarchy and executing the king -
National Convention Formed
The Nation Convention oversaw the creation of France into a republic. -
The Committee of Public Safety created
The Committee of Public Safety was created to protect the new republic against its foreign and domestic enemies -
Period: to
Reign of Terror (French Revolution)
The Reign of Terror was a period of the French Revolution when they massacred all those who opposed the revolution. -
Five Man Directory created
The Five Man Directory established a 2-house legislature and a 5-man executive committee called the Directory. -
Napoleon Bonaparte becomes Emperor
Napoleon set out to conquer Europe during his time as Emperor, which led to his downfall. -
Battle of Trafalgar
The Battle of Trafalgar established British naval supremacy for over 100 years. -
Battle Austerlitz
It secured Napoleon's imperial regime -
Battle of Leipzig
The Tsar Alexander I and Karl von Schwarzenberg defeated Napoleon Bonaparte. -
Period: to
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order. -
Period: to
Napoleon exiled to Elba
The Treaty of Fontebleu was the document that exiled Napoleon. -
Napoleon exiled to St. Helena
After being defeated in the Battle of Waterloo Napoleon was exiled for a second time.