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Immigration
Problems immigrants faced :
-Poor travelling conditions
-Possible rejection at Ellis Island
-Culture shock- melting pot theory-immigrants lost their past culture
-Ethnic districts
-Generation gap
Resistance/Restrictions -
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Tammany Hall
Used immigrants negatively. A well organized group that controlled all the activites of a political party in an area. Boss Tweed controlled Tammany Hall, the Democratic machine in NYC -
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Imperialism
The action of conquering nations and other places to build an empire, US began to adopt imerialidt ideas during the late 1800s. Alasksa, Hawaii, The Philipines, and Panama Canal were asociasted. Reasons for expansion: new foreign markets fro trade, Anglo-Saxons "superiority" or "white mans burden", sea power. -
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Manifest Destiny
Moving Westward after Reconstruction. Our "God given right" to expand westward. Reasons to move : Money, Land, or bwing a Slave. Originated in the 1840s well onto the 19th century -
Robber Barons
Andrew Carnigie- Irish immigrant who founded Carnegie steel.
Cornelis Vanderbuilt- first real big businessman- Railroad tycoon.
John D. Rockefeller- founded Standard oil.
J.P. Morgan- banker and investment wizard who bought out Carnegie steel.
All got the name Robber Baron because they were seen as business of ruthless and their main goal was the destruction of competition. -
Rutherford B. Hayes
White man that ran against Samuel Tilden as a Republican and barely won. He oversaw the end of Reconstruction, began the efforts that led to civil service reform. -
Compromise of 1877
Concessions given to the South after reconstruction: Federal funds for internal imporvements, southerners in cabinet position, and withdrawal of federal troops. This helps lead to the "solid south" and segregation. -
Spanish American War
First move of the United States in the late 19th century, early 20th century to become a Global power. Our Navy allows the U.S. to control new territory's industries. -
President James Garfield
Republican who ran against Winfield S. Hancock and James Baird Weaver and won by about two thirds of the electoral votes. Was shot in July 1881 and Chester Arthur took his place until the next presidential election. -
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Jim Crowe Laws
White supremacy is maintained in the south. 1. Poll taxes and literacy tests were used to keep many blacks from voting. 2. Grandfather Clause causes allowed poor, illiterate whites to vote anyways. 3. Jim Crowe Laws created a segregated a society in the south -
President Grover Cleveland
Ran as a Democrat against James G. Blaine, John St. John , Benjamin Butler and won about two thirds of the electoral votes. He ran again the next term and didnt win but then ran again after that (in 1992) and won with about the same amount of electoral votes against Benjamin Harrison, James Baird Weaver, and John Bidwell -
President Benjamin Harrison
Ran as a Republican with the Vice President Levi Morton and ran agaisnt Grover Cleveland, Clinton Fisk, Alson Streeter and won with about teo thirds of the electoral votes. -
Settlement Houses
Places in the Urban areas for poor workers to come together with their families. Could be used for daycare, aducaton, and healthcare improvements.
Jane Addams- main supporter, creator of the Hull House in Chicago-1st settlement house -
Open Door Policy
Late 19th Century, created because hte U.S. wanted a sphere of influence in China and we didnt have one. Allows us to compete with other inperial powers and leads to conflict in China. -
Populist Party
Oganized out of meetings from farmer's alliances. The Omaha platform: money-graduated income tax and better federal loan program; transportation/communication- government ownership of Railroad, telegraph and telephone. -
President William McKinley
Republican who ran against William Bryan, John Palmer
and Joshua Levering and won 271 electoral votes. The ran again for his second term in 1900 against William Bryan and John Woolley and won. -
Wilmington Race Riot of 1898
Black men are attavked after voting by white men outside the government building with rifles. 14 black men killed in one day leads to the rise of Jim Crowe laws in NC. -
Results of the Spanish-American War
United States is established as an imperial power; leads to rivalry between the U.S. and Japan which will rise until WWII. United States gained several territories stretching our power across the world. We are able to back up power with out top ranked Navy. -
Galveston Hurricane
Natural disaster in Galveston, Texas. Deadliest Hurricane in U.S. history. Between 6000-12000 dead. Many survivors moved midwest. -
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The Great Migration
Black Americans migrate Northward. Blacks went to Northern cities such as New York and Chicago for work. They faces prejuduce from white workers who were afraid they would lose their jobs. -
President Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt
Was the creator of the teddy bear because something that happened on one of his camping trips. His personality was oudoorman, a harvard graduate, and a conservationist. He would annoy you in any room because he spoke loudly. Fought in the Spanish- American War. -
Roosevelts Corollary
Roosevelt extended the Monroe doctrine with his speech and American power. He said that the U.S. should be the "policeman" of the western hemisphere. Meaning were would intervene in all problems in the North and South Americas. -
San Francisco Earthquake
7.6 Magnitude Earthquake that killed 3000 and destroyed 80% of the city. -
William Howard Taft
Taft defeated William Jennings Bryan in 1908 and was much more cautious than Teddy. Taft fought to tower tariffs but many conservative republicans opposed him. Was seen as Teddy 2.0 -
President Woodrow Wilson
Declared the need for a "new freedom", and attacked tariffs,finances, and trusts. created 12 districts wach with its own federal reserve bank and federal board to regulate the system by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. Also made the Federal Trade Act in 1914 and Clayton Act in 1914. He ran again in 1916 and won his second term as a democrat. -
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WWI
Causes:
Nationalism- intense pride in your country; Imperialism- desire to expand ones empire; Alliances- European Power formed these to prevent war; and militarism- the stockpiling of armaments for war. Also the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austri Hungary assassinated by a Serbian tourist named Gavrillo Princip. Set off a chain reaction in Europe where almost everyone was involved. -
Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
President Wilson proposed a 14 point program for world peace, No treaties, freedom of the seas, remore economic barriers, arms reduction, new colonial policy, 8 points dealing with territories/boundaries, and the 14th point was to establish a Leauge of Nations to keep world peace. -
Schenck vs. United States
Charles Schenck was a socialist arrested for printing and distributing information in oppositon to the draft. Supreme court ruled that this type of speech was not protected by the First Amendment because it was encouraging isubordination. (clear and present danger) -
Prohibition- The Noble Experiment
The 18th Amendment prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. Results: drunkeness declined, speakeasies operated, bootlegging and smuggling flourished, organized crime by many public offfices, and in 1933 the 20th amendment repealed the 18th. -
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote. Women had worked many different jobs during WWI so it was a natural step. Flappers becmae interested in politics. -
Ku Klux Klan
As a result of new successes by black immigrants, the klan became much more active in the 20s. The group even marched on Washinton, DC. -
Warren G. Harding
He promised a "return of normalcy" and he rejected the League of Nations, He convinced 5 major nations tp reduce arms after WWI and several nations also aligned to preserve peace with Asia. Scandals: several of Hardings advisors had taken bribes and illegal kickbacksfrom businesses. -
Calvin Coolidge
Prosperity: he supported businesses by keeping taxes low and high profits; he allowed an ease of credit. He is blamed for the slipping economy, and railroads faces government regulantions and copetition from new transportation. -
Herbert Hoover
He was untested and never served in public office until his presidency. Hoovers actions: tax cuts, building project(hoover dam), loans to businesses and industry all came too late. He believed the government should help the needy and people should help each other. He believed in rugged individualism, which is the idea of "hands off" -
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Great Depression
Stock Market crashed and many Americans were homeless, jobles, and starving. Unemployment was at 25%. Women lost jobs because employers believed that men needed jobs more. Children stopped going to school and looked for work. Farmers experienced drought and prices so low that they could not cover their debts.
Hoovervilles were made- groups of shacks made from wood and scraps of metal. Popped up ouside cities -
The Dust Bowl
Farmers had cleared large areas of the Great Plains for agriculture. Drought struck and Prarie Winds caused huge dust storms. Many farmers lost everything and left the plains. -
Election of 1932
Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Hoover in a landslide after pledging a "new deal" for Americans. The economy continued to fall until his inauguration in March. "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself." -
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Won four elections consecutively and was one of the greatest presidents of the 1900s. He proposed deals and made many good attributes to getting American out of the Depression, he was the president mainly during WWII and was the one who worked with the Manhatten Project to end the war. Everyone blamed Hoover for the Depression so everyone loved FDR. After FDR no president was allowed to serve more than two terms. -
New Deal and Fair Deal
The New deal was Roosevelt's recovery plan that affected banking, stocks, industry, agriculture, public works, reliefs and resources.The fair deal was Harry Truman's plan after WWII, the GI Bill paid for the education of veterans. Working people 101% -
Good Neighbor Policy
Isolationist idea that the United States would stay out of the affairs of other countries. Used in reffernece to all powers before WWII, many approved becuase they felt the focus should be on helping the US economy. -
Government Backing Reservations
Native American- John Collier, head of Indian affairs, helped to restore tribal governments and enlarged reservations with the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 -
Hitler Marches into Europe
Hitler takes over land over and over again, then Germany makes a pact with Russia that if the dont interfere in the taking over of Poland then Germany wont interferei n the Baltic States. France and Britain declared war of Germany ans WWII starts. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Japanese General Tojo, launched a surprise attack on the navel base hoping to preserve their empire in the Pacific but underestimateed the power of the U.S. Franklin D. Roosevelt called it "a date that will live in infamy." Japanese internmetn camps resulted. -
Victory in Europe
Battle of El Alamein- British defeats the Germans in North Africa. Battle of Stalingrad- Russia defeated the German Army of 300,000.
Operation Overlord- June 6, 1944, cross channel invasion by the Allies in Northern France, they recaptured Paris and drove the Germans to Berlin.
Yalta and Potsdam conferences. Hitler committed suicide and Germany surrenders. -
Treaty of Versailles- 1945
Ended WWII; majoy arms reduciton in the Axis countries; Germany is divided into communist East and democratic West; united nations is founded, Soviet Union and U.S. come out as super powers. -
Victory in the Pacific
Japanese successes were stopped at Battle of Coral Sea and Battle of Midway. Allies used "island hopping" recapturing the Philippines, Guam, Iwo Jima, etc. Lots of casualties. Victory was achieved after dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. -
Results of the War
Economic costs- billions of dollars spent and ruined countries. Social Costs- 22 milliion dead, 34 million wounded, millions of refugees left their home country.
The holocaust; Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party sent millions of European Jews all over the continent to concentratino camps because Hitler believed Jews were "undermensch" (less than human). -
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Cold War
Fear of communism. (1) Truman doctrine- stop the spread of communism (2) Marshall Plan- economic aid plan to rebuild Europe and resist communism. We wanted to spread Democracy and the Soviet Union wanted to spread communism. Conflict will directly come from the Treaty of Versailles; both countries spy on each other and prepare for war, even thought we dont get close to fighting. Lead to the U.S. becoming the country with the largest military with best strategies. -
President Harry S. Truman
Democrat who had five opponents: Thomas Dewey, Strom Thurmond, Henry Wallace , Norman Thomas , Claude A. Watson and still won with 303 electoral votes. -
Berlin Blockade
Soviet Union cut off trafic into Berlin, hoping to force democratic nations to surrender to their sectors. The U.S. and Britain airlifted supplies into the city for 327 days until the blockade was lifted. Fight communism with milk- propoganda. -
Moving to the Suburbs
Willaim Levitt crerated neighborhoods with identical houses at affordable prices-cookiecutter houses,
Little Boxes -
Interstate Highway System
Dwight D. Eisenhower built the interstate and highway system, main goal was quick travel for our defense. To make it able to live ouside the city and tracel to the city quickly. -
President Dwight D. Einsenhower
Ran two elections consecutively an won both times. He had Richard Nixon as his Vice President who later took his place. Eisenhower was a Republican who won 400+ electoral votes both elections. -
Desegregation
Brown vs. Board of Education was where the supreme court ruled that "separate bt equal" had no place in education and the integration of schools began. Little Rock 9 where President Eisenhower used federal troops to protect and secure the enrollment of 9 back into central high school after the governor of the state blocked them. Montgomery Bus Boycott- MLKJ -
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Vietnam War
War between the communist North and democratic South, and a leader named Ngo Dinh Diem which nobody supported. Many Americans were Anti-War and people didnt feel safe at home. After Nixon became President, we withdrawl from the Vietnam war in a cease fire and it is seen as the first war we havent won in US history. -
Suez Crisis
9 day conflict between Israel and Egypt over the control of the Suez Canal, which had been in contention since WWII. England and France helped on the side of Israel who was a new nation. Conflict continues throup the 70s, unconditinoal support for Israel established.Marks the beginning of the end for the British colonization. -
Sunbelt
Region that goes from Southeast to Southwest
New center for industry- population is increasing, good market to cost of living ratio. -
New Frontier
Kennedy was elected in 1960and had a plan. He wanted to get ahead of the soviets in space, and have alliance for progress as well as peace corps. -
Presdient John F. Kennedy and President Lyndon J
Democrat who ran against Richard Nixon and Harry Byrd. He is thought to have won because that was the time when TV's had come out nad there was apresidential debate on live televisino and many Amerians thought he was a handsome Presdient, especially compared to Richard Nixon, who happened to be sick at the time of the debate. Was assassinated and Lyndon Johnson took his place until the next election where he ran (in 1964) and won as another Democrat. -
Cuban Missle Crisis
Soviets had placed missles capable of reaching the U.S. in Cuba. Kennedy blockaded the island and force Soviets to agree to dismantle the sites. Led to the signing of the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, possibly the clostest to WWIII the Cold War ever reached. -
Voting Act of 1965
Civil right movement changes. It helped protect rights of votign for blacks. -
Stagflation
Economics- inflation was steady , U.S.trade deficit was growing by 1980, 7 million were unemployed in the U.S. Labor unions declined as many industries moved over seas. High inflation, high unemployment, stagnant production. -
President Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford
Ran as a Republican two elections and won. He was accusable for the Watergate scandal and then resigned because he didnt want to be impeached. This put Gerald Ford in his place, who dismissed his case and nobody liked Ford for it. -
Watergate Scandal- Nixon
Collapse of Nixon's presidency, Nxon had become overwhelmed with power. Nixon's supporter broke into the Democratic National Committee' headwuarters to photograph documents, place bugs and wiretraps. The crooks were given "hush moeny" -
President Jimmy Carter
Ran as a Democrat and Gerald R. Ford, Eugene J. McCarthy, Roger MacBride, Lester Maddox, and Thomas J. Anderson and won. His Vice President was Walter Mondale. -
Camp David Accords
Jimmy Carter brokered a deal between Sadat of Egypt and Begin of Israek. They met at the presidential retween in the U.S and both countries agreed to a peace treaty which helps easy peace in the Middle East. Backs up the idea of unconditional support for Israel. -
Election of 1980- President Ronald Reagan
Reagan defeated Carter and the Republicans gained control of the senate. Reagan was an effective speaker and openly talked about his religion, told you what he thought, was thought to be the "grandfather" of the country, was an actor in the 1960s, and won the election 90% to 10%. Reaganomics- economic plan based on supply-side economics: encouraging businesses to increase the supply of goods, give tax breaks to the top 1%, and cut speanding in areas that helped the poor. Was elected twice.(1994) -
President George HW Bush
Only served for one term, was a Republican who ran against Michael Dukakis, Ron Pau, and Lenora Fulani and won 426 electoral votes. His son ran in 2000 and won two elections. -
Persian Gulf War
U.S. invaded Iraq, stopping their invasion of Kuwait, Primarily for their control of oil and business interests in the area. Chased after Sudan Hussien but never caught up to him. -
President Bill Clinton
(Two terms, 1992 and 1996 beats H.W. Bush. Had a foreign policy, the U.S. was involved in peace keeping missionsin Bosnia in 1996 and in Koroso 1999. U.S. also pulled out of Somalia in 1993 after 18 marines were shot. Accomplishments include NAFTA. He was impeached for the Ovval Office Scandal but nobody claims its for that reason becuase the House found other things wrong. He was never removed. -
Election of 2000- President George W. Bush
Between Al Gore and George W. Bush. The election was very close and marked with confusion. After the supreme court intervened, Bush was named the winner. Ran two elections and was in office for two terms(2000 and 2004), and his father was George HW. Bush. -
Terror Attacks of 9/11
Terrorists coordinated a series of attacks on the U.S. 2 hijacked airplanes were flown into the world trade center towers. A plane flew into the Pentagon and a fourth plane crash landed into a field in Pennsylvania. Over 3,000 people killed . Bush dedicated the U.S. to defeating terrorism worldwide. -
Hurricane Katrina
Devastated New Orleans, left much of the city underwater. Thousands of people left homeless, integrated through the Southeast -
Election of 2008- President Barack Obama
Barack Obama and John McCain. Barack Obama wins and is the first Black president in American history. Democrats take majority in congress. Won two terms (2008 and 2012). Lots of America becomes mad that he instated the Obama Healthcare but he got the gas prices down to $2.00 and had the unemployment rate down to 8% by his second election. -
Nuremberg Trials
Series of tribunals in which prominent members of the Nazi party were prosecuted for their involvement in the war and crimes against humanity associated with the Holocaust.
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