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Period: 1500 to
Modern History
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First Industrial Revolution
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Enclosure Acts
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James Watt’s steam engine
It was the first practical steam engine, becoming one of the driving forces of the Industrial Revolution. -
Adam Smith publishes The Wealth of Nations
He made it to critique and offer an alternative to the mercantilist economic system, which he believed would eventually stifle countries' productivity. -
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Contemporary History
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Period: to
Jacobin Convention
It was a left-wing group of radical extremists who carried out the Reign of Terror, killing a lot of people who were considered to be counter-revolutionary, royalist, or enemies of the state. On 1794, the convention ended. -
Estates-General Meeting
It was a general assembly representing the three estates: nobility, clergy and the third estate. -
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French Revolution
Historical period that takes place in France when the Third Estate starts the revolution for their rights. -
National Assembly
Also called the Tennis Court Oath, was an assembly formed by the representatives of the thrid estate in the Estates General,with the purpose of don't separete until the constitution of the kingdom was established. -
Storming of the Bastille
Occurs on Paris, France, parisian revolutionaries and mutinous troops storm and dismantle the Bastille. -
Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen
The National Constituent Assembly inssued this, which defined individual and collective rights at the time of the French Revolution. -
Women’s March on Versailles
A crowd of women demanding food for their families gathered other discontented Parisians, including some men, and marched toward Versailles. -
First French constitution
Was the first written constitution in France, created by the National Assembly during the French Revolution, and it retained the monarchy, but sovereignty effectively resided in the Legislative Assembly. -
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Constitutional Monarchy
It is a form of estate in which there is separation of powers, where the monarch has the executive power appointing the government. -
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Social Republic
Was the second phase of the Revolution, and it was ruled by the Girondists and then the Jacobins. -
Period: to
Girondin Convention
The Girondins point of view were deputies to the Legislative Assembly from the département of Gironde in southwest France. Girondin leader Jacques Pierre Brissot proposed an ambitious military plan to spread the Revolution internationally. -
War of the First Coalition
It was a set of wars that some European powers like Austria, Portugal, Great Britain,...etc, against France. -
Storm of Tuileries Palace
This was a defining event of the French Revolution, is when armed revolutinaries in Paris, the conflict led France to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic. -
Execution of Louis XVI
Louis XVI was forced to accept the constitution of 1791, which reduced him to a mere figurehead, after that the French National Convention sentenced him, he is executed by a guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris. -
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Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror was, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place in response to revolutionary fervour, anticlerical sentiment, and spurious accusations of treason by Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety. -
Period: to
Conservative Republic
A coup ended the dictatorial Jacobin government when Robespierre and 21 supporters are executed.Moderate bourgeoisie seized power, cancelled Jacobin laws and drafted the 1795 constitution. -
Coup of 18th Brumaire
This event brought General Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of France, and when ended the French Revolution. -
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The Consulate
Was the top-level Government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of Brumaire, until the start of the Napoleonic Empire. -
Constitution of 1800
It was a constitution that established a form of government known as the Consulate, the constitution played the role of First Consul to grant Napoleon Bonaparte powers similar to a dictator. -
Stephenson’s Steam locomotive
It was the first steam locomotive to bring together several innovations to produce the most advanced locomotive of its day. -
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The Napoleonic Empire
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Napoleon crowned emperor
On May 18, 1804, Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, but his coronation ceremony took place on December 2, 1804, in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris. -
Invasion of Spain and Joseph Bonaparte crowned king
When Napoleon conquest Spain made his brother Joseph the king after being Naples one, he was so unpopular on Spain. -
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Luddite movement
It was a movement header by the craftsmen in the XIX century, who protested against the new machines that destroyed jobs. -
Period: to
The Restoration of absolutism
Russia, Britain, Prussia and Austria reshaped the European map
to their advantage, France returned to its borders of 1792 and the Napoleonic Empire was divided among the victors. -
Battle of Waterloo
It was a combat between the French Army, commanded by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, against British, Dutch and German troops, led by the Duke of Wellington, and the Prussian Army. -
Congress of Vienna and Holy Alliance Treaty
It was signd by the crowned heads of Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Its purpose was to re-establish the principle of hereditary rule and to suppress democratic and nationalist movements, which sprung up in the wake of the French Revolution. -
Abolishment of the Combination Acts
It forbade workers to organize for the purpose of obtaining higher wages or controlling work-place conditions. -
Revolutions of 1830
They were a revolutionary wave in Europe. It included two "romantic nationalist" revolutions, the Belgian Revolution in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the July Revolution in France along with revolutions in Congress Poland, Italian states, Portugal and Switzerland. -
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The Age of the revolutions
Is a period in which a number of significant revolutionary movements occurred in most of Europe. The period is noted for the change from absolutist monarchies to representative governments with a written constitution, and the creation of nation states. -
Grand National Consolidated Trades Union
It was an early attempt to form a national trade union confederation in Britain. -
Revolutions of 1848
This are series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. They all ended in failure and repression and were followed by widespread disillusionment among liberals. -
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French Second Republic
Was a short-lived republican government of France under President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte. It lasted from the 1848 Revolution to the 1851 coup by which the president made himself Emperor Napoleon III and initiated the Second Empire. -
First International
It was an international organization that aimed to unite through various left socialist, communist and anarchist groups and unions that were based on the working class and the class struggle. -
Karl Marx published Das Kapital
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Second International
An organization founded in 1889 by the Socialist and Labor parties who sought to coordinate their activities.
