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Floridablanca
Floridablanca was the first secretary of state elected by Carlos VII.
He was a count and he tried to prevent revolutionary ideas from passing to Spain. He held his position until 1792. -
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Reing of Carlos IV
Carlos was the fourth king of Spain of the Bourbon family. He reigned for 20 years, from 1788 to 1808. He had a weak personality, he was not very intelligent. He was fond of hunting, music and languages. However, he did not care about the government of his state, he always left it in his ministers. In addition, he elected a secretary of state who controls political power. [https://youtu.be/Sd4cbUmE0K0] -
Aranda
Aranda was the second secretary of state elected by Carlos VII.
He was an enlightened count and he tried to save Louis XVI, Carlos IV's cousin, from having his throat cut. He doesn't get it and they kick him out. For this reason, he holds the position for only one year. -
Godoy
Godoy was the last secretary of state elected by Carlos VII.
He was not a count and he was the queen's lover. Manuel Godoy was a controversial character because of his meteoric political rise. He was a supporter of Enlightened Despotism. He had many enemies since he attacked the church.
He opposed relations with France but allied with Napoleon to fight against England. He was a Reformist, improved agriculture, removed taxes and limited the power of the unions.
He held his position until 1808. -
Defeat of Trafalgar
It was a naval battle. The Franco-Spanish army lost to the English. This generated the breakdown of Spanish trade with America. [https://youtu.be/rK9jCc3-iT4] -
Treaty of Fontainebleau
Napoleon and Godoy allied to cut off trade with England and weaken them. However, Portugal was an ally of England and sent resources to it. So Godoy and Napoleon plan to conquer Portugal; Godoy gives Napoleon permission to cross Spain with his army to reach Portugal. On the other hand, Napoleon's real intention is to pass through Spain and conquer it peacefully by controlling both countries. -
The abdications of Bayonne
Napoleon reunites the Spanish royal family with the excuse of mediating family conflicts. Napoleon convinces Ferdinand VII to abdicate his father and his father sells the crown to Napoleon. Finally, Napoleon abdicates his elder brother Jose Bonaparte I. [https://youtu.be/XkxmqhvV0fw] -
Tumult of Aranjuez
After seeing that Spain was being invaded, the royal family escaped to Aranjuez. However, the son of Carlos VI, Fernado VII, supported the popular rebellion that forced the king to abdicate. The intention of Fernando VII was to remove Godoy. -
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Reing of Jose Bonaparte I
He was a supporter of the New Regime, however due to the war he was unable to implement any of his reforms. The citizens hated him for being a foreign king and laughed at him because they considered him Napoleon's puppet. [https://youtu.be/R8dE-ZkYeN0] -
The uprising
The Spanish people were tired of the French occupation. In Madrid the first popular uprising against the occupation forces was formed. These uprisings spread throughout the peninsula. [https://youtu.be/vazRNaPUztc] -
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War of independence
In 1808 began the War of Independence that took place until 1814. It was a patriotic, civil and international war. The French army had spread throughout the peninsula and controlled the country. The common people of Spain are the ones who fought in this war and won. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9phd8FU6IA] -
The courts of cadiz
The courts of Cádiz were held in 1810 where the supreme central board participated with the aim of establishing liberalism in Spain and ending the Old Regime. The reasons why they were held in Cádiz were the following: it was a free city, wars were far away, it had a strong commercial bourgeoisie and it was an important liberal center. The emergency situation was used as an opportunity to create a new, fairer and more equitable system of government. -
Constitution of 1812
The constitution of 1812, inspired by the French constitution of 1791, was the first that laid the foundations of liberalism. Among them were national sovereignty, separation of powers, legal equality between citizens, census suffrage, Catholicism and centralism. [https://youtu.be/O74lqDTVRBc] -
The abolition of the constitution
Despite the great importance of the Constitution, it lasted only two years because Ferdinand VII was again appointed king and abolished it. -
First Absolutist Period
This first period would extend from 1814 to 1820. The response of the liberals was not long in coming, and was translated into numerous military pronouncements, many of which failed. -
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Reing of Fernando VII
The mandate of Fernando VII as King of Spain lasted from 1814 to 1833. They were about twenty years of reign, almost the majority of them absolutist overtones, at a time when Liberalism was claimed in half of Europe. Spain was not alien to this wave, and the absolutist claims of the monarch were altered by numerous military pronouncements in favor of Liberalism. [https://youtu.be/FcH1r4JlfIg] -
Restoration
The term Restoration refers to the period between the final fall of Napoleon and the beginning of the revolutionary process of 1830. In Europe this stage was characterized by the attempt to recompose the framework of the Old Regime, something that its supporters did not achieve except in a limited way. [https://youtu.be/ueheQaTRZ2A] -
Liberal Triennium
In 1820 a liberal uprising took place with an almost unanimous response throughout Spain, forcing Ferdinand VII to swear the Constitution of 1812. Thus began the second period of his reign, the "Liberal Triennium." Until 1823, Liberalism reigned in Spain. But that was not the monarch's wish. -
Ominous Decade
There were ten years of absolutist reign that have come to be known as the "Ominous Decade". Mainly, this time was determined by the inheritance problem, since Fernando VII left two young daughters who, due to the Salic Law of Felipe V, could not reign. -
Isabel II’s birth
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Fernando VII’s death
