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Globalization
Globalization is the spread of ideas and culture. Globalization only really began in the nineteenth century when a sudden drop in transport costs allowed the prices of commodities in Europe and Asia to converge -
Communism
Communism was an economic-political philosophy founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the second half of the 19th century. Marx and Engels met in 1844, and discovered that they had similar principles. In 1848 they wrote and published "The Communist Manifesto." -
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Woodrow Wilson
The 28th president of the U.S. Wilson was in charge during WW I. The League of Nations was alos an idea of Wilson. -
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Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, alias Lenin was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was also the first Soviet leader of the USSR. He also came up with Lenin’s Economic Policy. -
Otto Von Bismarck
Bismarck goes to war with Austria and France, defeats them and takes their land to untie Germnay. With the French defeat, the German Empire was proclaimed in January 1871 in the Palace at Versailles, France. -
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Winston Churchill
The prime minister that was in charge of Britain's military campaigns during WW II. -
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Triple Alliance
The Triple Alliance was a military alliance among Germany, Austria–Hungary, and Italy. It lasted from 20 May 1882 until World War I in 1914. -
Triple Entente
The Triple Entente was the alliance linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907. -
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Chinese and Mexican Revolutions
When the people of China and Mexico decided to get rid of their governments and form new ones. The Mexican Revolution or Mexican Civil War was a major armed struggle that started in 1910, with an uprising led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime autocrat Porfirio Díaz, and lasted for the better part of a decade until around 1920. The Chinese Revolution, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, and established the Republic of China. -
Sun Yat Sen
Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese revolutionary, first president and founding father of the Republic of China, and medical practitioner. -
Assasination of Archduke Ferdinand
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were shot dead in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a memeber of the dark hand. -
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Allied Powers
The allied nations of World War I included Britain, France, Russia, United States, and Italy (who joined after switching sides). -
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World War I
World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war mostly centered in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. -
Japan makes 21 demands on China
They were a set of demands made by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu sent to the nominal government of the Republic of China resulting in two treaties with Japan. These demands - comprising five groupings - required that China immediately cease its leasing of territory to foreign powers and to ascent to Japanese control over Manchuria and Shandong among other demands. -
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Gallipoli Campaign
During World War I, British and French and forces attempt to capture the Ottoman capital of Constantinople to secure a sea route to Russia, but the attempt failed. -
German resumption unrestricted submarine warfare
Feb 1, 1917:Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfareOn 22 December 1916, Admiral von Holtzendorff composed a memorandum which became the pivotal document for Germany's resumption of unrestricted U-boat warfare in 1917. Holtzendorff proposed breaking Britain's back by sinking 600,000 tons of shipping per month, based on a February 1916 study by Dr. Richard Fuss stated that if merchant shipping was sunk at such a rate, Britain would be forced to drop out of the war before the U.S could enter -
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Civil War in Russia
The Civil War of 1918–20. The civil war between the Bolsheviks (Reds) and the anti-Bolsheviks (Whites) ravaged Russia until 1920. The Whites represented all shades of anti-Communist groups, including members of the constituent assembly. The communist won and renamed Russia the Soviet Union or USSR. -
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Bolshevik Revolution
Leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d’état against the provisional government. The Bolsheviks and their allies occupied government buildings and other strategic locations in Petrograd, and soon formed a new government with Lenin as its head. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Peace treaty signed between Russia and the Central powers to pull Russia out of World War 1; Russia was constantly losing battles and was facing political problems back home. -
Paris Peace Conference
Meeting of the Allied forces after their victory in World War 1 to establish peaceful terms among nations. The peace treatment, Treaty of Versailles, was created, which included limiting German power and the formation of the League of Nations. The Treaty of Versailles was formed, and many of the decisions made about the fate of Germany would eventually lead to the Second World War. -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. It also blamed Germany for causing the war. -
Fascism
An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. Fascism first began in Italy when Benito Mussolini took control and turned Italy into a fascist state. He was then followed by Hitler and other dictators that wanted fascist nations. -
First Meeting of the League of Nations
The League of Nations first met in Geneva on November 15, 1920. During the 1920s, the League, with its headquarters in Geneva, incorporated new members and successfully mediated minor international disputes but was often disregarded by the major powers. -
Ho Chi-Minh
In 1921, he organized the Intercolonial Union. He was elected to the Committee of the Peasants' International Congress in 1923. In 1936, he took charge of China's Indochinese Communist party. -
Lenin’s Economic Policy
To save the Soviet Union’s economy, Lenin allowed small businesses to reopen for private profit while the state controlled banks, trade, and industries; Lenin called it state capitalism.
Significance: Lenin’s policy used some capitalist ideas to fix the economy of a communist country. -
Ataturk proclaims Republic of Turkey
Atatturk, a Turkish military officer, revolutionary, and first Turk president proclaims the Republic of Tureky. -
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin or Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. -
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First Soviet Five- Year Plan
The First Five-Year Plan, of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a list of economic goals, created by Joseph Stalin and based off his policy of Socialism in One Country, that was designed to strengthen the country's economy. This system of centralized control was copied from the German experience of WWI. -
US Stock Market Crash
Most devastating stock market crash, fall in stock prices, affecting all Western industrialized countries. -
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Civil Disobedience movement in India
Mahatma Gandhi employed civil disobedience during the Indian independence movement. Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government, or of an occupying international power. -
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
When the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria immediately following the Mukden Incident. The Japanese established a puppet state called Manchukuo, and their occupation lasted until the end of World War II. -
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Third Reich
Nazi Germany or the Third Reich was the period in the history of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. -
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Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was a genocide in which approximately six million Jews were killed by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. -
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Hitler is ruler in Germany
Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party. He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. -
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Long March by Chinese Communists
Military retreat of Mao Zedong and the Communist party of China to escape from the attacks of the Chinese Nationalist Party; various communist armies joined and escaped together to the province of Shaanxi. Significance: This escape allowed Mao’s army to grow and strengthen, eventually allowing for their communist party to take over China -
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Stalin’s “Great Purge” in USSR
Series of campaigns of political oppression and persecution in the Soviet Union.It enabled Stalin to totally control the Soviet Union. Purges were designed to remove from the party the people and their followers who Stalin thought were disloyal to him or had rival power bases like Trotsky. -
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Invasion of China by Japan
The Second Sino-Japanese War, it was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany, the Soviet Union and the United States. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the war merged into the greater conflict of World War II as a major front of what is broadly known as the Pacific War. -
German Auschluss with Austria
Occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany. Significance: Majority of German speaking Austrians wanted to reunite with Germany, but were unable to due to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles; the Auschluss allowed them to unite and add to Hitler’s creation of a Greater German Reich. -
Cardenas nationalizes oil industry in Mexico
President Cárdenas embarked on the expropriation of all oil resources and facilities by the state, nationalizing the U.S. and Anglo-Dutch (Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company) operating companies. -
Invasion of Poland by Germany
The September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War or Poland Campaign, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe. It began one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. It ended with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. -
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Axis Powers
The alliance of Germany, Japan, and Italy during World War II. -
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World War II
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, though related conflicts began earlier. WWII was ignited by Germany invading Poland during its Third Reich movment. -
Soviet victory at Stalingrad
Germany attacks the Soviet Union at Stalingrad, but they couldn’t fight the bitter winter there, and the Red Army defeated them
Significance: Hitler lost many soldiers and lost all chances of winning the war. -
D-Day, Allied Invasion of Normandy
The day of the Normandy landings, initiating the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. -
Capture of Berlin by Soviet forces
Berlin was captured by the Soviets after the Battle of Berlin that lasted from April 16, 1945 to May 2, 1945. -
Division of Berlin and Germany
The separation of Berlin began in 1945 after the collapse of Germany. The country was divided into four zones, where each superpower controlled a zone. -
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Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The U.S drops the atomic bombs on the Jpanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Litttle man was dropped first on Hiroshima, then shortly followed by Fatman dropping on Nagasaki three days later. -
Establishment of the Unite Nations
The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization established 24 October 1945 to promote international co-operation. -
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Cold War
The Cold War was the tense relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union between the end of World War II and the demise of the Soviet Union. -
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Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain symbolized the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. -
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine of containment was a United States policy to stop Soviet expansion during the Cold War. -
Partition of India
Process of dividing India because of religious conflicts as it gained its independence from the British Raj. The northern area, with a majority of Muslim people, became Pakistan while the southern, majority Hindu, section became the Republic of India
Significance: Created two separate countries will still exist today. -
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Apartheid
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party, the governing party. -
Marshall Plan
An American initiative to aid Europe, in which the United States gave $17 billion (approximately $120 billion in current dollar value) in economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II. -
Creation of Isreal
On November 29, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly voted 33 to 13, with 10 abstentions, in favor of a Partition Plan that created the State of Israel. The Nation was officially created on May 14, 1948. -
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Berlin Airlift
Soviet forces blockaded rail, road, and water access to Allied-controlled areas of Berlin. The United States and United Kingdom responded by airlifting food and fuel to Berlin from Allied airbases in western Germany. -
Establishment of NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. -
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Mao Zedong
A Chinese Communist revolutionary and the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he governed as Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His Marxist-Leninist theories, military strategies and political policies are collectively known as Marxism-Leninism-Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought. -
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Korean War
A war between the Republic of Korea (supported primarily by the United States of America, with contributions from allied nations under the aegis of the United Nations) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (supported by the People's Republic of China, with military and material aid from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). -
French defeat at Dien Bien Phu
French fight against Ho Chi Ming’s nationalist group in Indochina to keep its prewar colonial possessions, but after a brutal struggle and the fall of their stronghold in Dien Bien Phu, it marked the end of France’s colonial control. -
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Algerian War of Liberation
The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian War of Independence or the Algerian Revolution was a war between France and the Algerian independence movements from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria gaining its independence from France. -
Establishment of the Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact was a collective defense treaty among eight communist states of Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. -
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US troops in Vietnam
U.S support the South Vietnamese government. Vietnam received financial and military support from the United States. In 1965, Johnson escalated the war causing many Americans to turn against the war. Richard Nixon then withdrew American troops from the war and gave South Vietnam greater responsibility for fighting the war. -
Uprising in Hungary
A spontaneous nationwide revolt against the People’s Republic of Hungary and its Soviet policies. Many people revolted, and they eventually saw Soviet troops leave, but their forces returned and gained control; organizers were sent to prison. Ended on November 10 . -
Suez Canal Crisis
Diplomatic and military confrontation in late 1956 between Egypt against Britain, France, and Israel with United States and the Soviet Union playing major roles in forcing Britain, France, and Israel to withdraw. Fought by the French, English, and Egypt; ended on November 7. -
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Great leap forward in China
The Great Leap ForwardIt was an economic and social campaign of the Communist Party of China (CPC), reflected in planning decisions from 1958 to 1961, which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of rapid industrialization, and collectivization. Mao Zedong led the campaign based on the Theory of Productive Forces. -
Castro comes to power in Cuba
After defeating Fulgencio Batista, Castro claims the role of self proclaimed prime minsiter of Cuba, this then led to him becoming dictator of Cuba. -
Construction of The Berlin Wall
When the Soviets ocuppied Eastern Berlin, their wanted to segregate their eastern citizens from the western Berlin citizens that were controlled by western powers. -
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Cuban Missile Crises
The Cuban Missile Crisis,a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba. The U.S won and the USSR moved their missiles. -
Creation of PLO
The Palestine Liberation Organization is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the "liberation of Palestine" through armed struggle. They are the representatives of the Palentsinain people. They also stated that Israel had a right to exist in peace. -
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Six Days War
Six-Day War, also called June War or Third Arab-Israeli War, brief war that took place June 5–10, 1967, and was the third of the Arab-Israeli wars. Israel’s decisive victory included the capture of the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, Old City of Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights; the status of these territories subsequently became a major point of contention in the Arab-Israeli conflict. -
Revolution in Iran
Events involving the overthrow of Iran’s monarchy and its replacement with an Islamic republic. -
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Iran–Iraq War
The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Iraq lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the 20th century's longest conventional war. -
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Persian Gulf War
First significant conflict after the breakup of the Soviet Union; Saddam Husain, ruler of Iraq, invaded Kuwait and the US helped Saudi Arabia defend from Iraq’s aggression; defeated Iraq’s military. Husain stayed in power and the US and its allies denied Iraq’s military aircraft access to northern and southern regions in the country. -
Reunification of Germany
Wave of rebellion against Soviet influence occurs throughout its European allies; riots break out in East Germany and the wall is breached, causing East and West Germany to reunite. -
Collapse of USSR
The Soviets were putting too much money into their military and bankrupting themselves. -
Transfer of Hong Kong to China
Transfer of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People’s Republic of China; marked the end of British rule and the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong to China. -
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Uprisings in Ukraine, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan
Countries part of the Colour Revolution, term used to describe nonviolent resistance in several countries that were a part of the former USSR and Balkan states in the early 21st century. Many countries protested against their governments and advocated for democracy.