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founding of the ANC
founding of the anc.organization’s early period was characterized by political inertia due to power struggles and lack of resources, increasing repression and the entrenchment of white minority rule galvanized the party. As a result of the establishment of apartheid, its aversion to dissent by Black people and brutal crackdown of political activists, the ANC together with the SACP formed a military wing, uMkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation/ MK) in 1961. -
congress youth league founded
congress youth league.-The African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) is the youth wing of the African National Congress. It was formed in 1944 by members of the ANC who believed in African Nationalism, and wanted to follow an active policy focused on the mobilisation of the masses. -
defiance campaign
he Defiance Campaign against Unjust Laws was launched on 26 June 1952 by the ANC together with the South African Indian Congress.
More than 8,500 volunteers or 'defiers' were imprisoned for peacefully refusing to obey apartheid laws. The campaign, which carried on into 1953, attracted thousands into political activity. -
Sharpevill Mascre
1960 at least 180 black Africans were injured (there are claims of as many as 300) and 69 killed when South African police opened fire on approximately 300 demonstrators, who were protesting against the pass laws, at the township of Sharpeville, near Vereeniging in the Transvaal. -
albert luthuli wins the nobel peace prize
Albert Luthuli, President of the African National Congress of South Africa, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the struggle against apartheid. The South African government however, refused to allow Luthuli to leave the country to accept the award until December 1961. His acceptance speech, delivered at the Great Hall, University of Oslo, on December 11, 1961 -
spear of the nation is formed
was the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC) which fought against the South African apartheid government.[1] MK launched its first guerrilla attacks against government installations on 16 December 1961. It was subsequently classified as a terrorist organization by the South African government and the United States -
nelson mandela sentenced to life in prison.
In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to life in prison. -
the soweto uprising
Students from numerous Sowetan schools began to protest in the streets of Soweto, in response to the introduction of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in local schools.[1] An estimated 20 000 students took part in the protests, and roughly 176 people were killed -
steve biko dies in police custody
Biko was arrested at a police roadblock under the Terrorism Act No 83 of 1967 and interrogated by officers of the Port Elizabeth security police including Harold Snyman and Gideon Nieuwoudt. This interrogation took place in the Police Room 619. The interrogation lasted twenty-two hours and included torture and beatings resulting in a coma.[7] He suffered a major head injury while in police custody, and was chained to a window grille for a day. On 11 September 1977, police loaded him in the back -
desmond tutu wins the nobel peace prize
desond tut wins the nobel preace price- This was seen as a gesture of support for him and The South African Council of Churches which he led at that time. -
nelson mandela released from prison
In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to life in prison. -
nelson mandela becomes president of south africa
served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election.