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Red River Settlement
The Red River colony was the settlement on the Red and Assinibioine Rivers, where are now Manitoba and North Dakota.
It was founded by Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk. This land was granted to him by the Hudson's Bay Company for poor Scottish immigrants. -
The war of 1812
The war of 1812 (which lasted from 1812 to 1814) was a military conflict between the United States and Great Britain. As a colony of Great Britain, Canada was swept up in the war and it was fought in Upper Canada, Lower Canada, on the Great Lakes, the Atlantic and the U.S. The war attracted attention to the necessity for a large population in Canada. -
The Selkirk Settlers
After a two-month trip cross the ocean and 50 days rowing upstream from the Hudson Bay, the first European farmers in the west arrived in Winnipeg. -
Pemmican Proclamation
The Pemmican Proclamation was an 1814 decree that forbade the export of pemmican and other provisions from the Red River Colony.The declaration angered many NWC traders and the Proclamation ultimately led to violence in the Seven Oaks Incident. -
Battle of Seven Oaks
It was a competition between NWC and HBC, the northwest traders established trading posts in the Red River Valley and thought of the land as their own. So when the Red River Settlement was started by Lord Selkirk of HBC, both of the Nor'westers and the Mètis were angry. A gunfight began and within 15 minutes it was over. This skirmish became known as the Battle of Seven Oaks. -
HBC and NWC merged
This was the result of the conflict about the Selkirk Settlement in 1820 and the British government was feared loss of control of the northwest so they forced to agree to merger of their two companies. A new company was formed,under the HBC's name and the fur trade was ending.They controlled all of Rupert's land and the land in the west of the Rocky Mountains. -
First railway in Canada
The first railway in Canada opened outside of Montreal, running from La Praire to St. John's, Quebec. It was a seasonal portage railway connect river traffic. It also served as a way for those travelling between Montreal and New York to avoid a bumpy stagecoach journey. -
The Rebellions of 1837
The rebellion in Lower Canada was led by Louis Joseph Papineau and their political demands, which included democratic pleas for responsible government were rejected in London. The rebellion in Upper Canada was led by William Lyon Mackenzie, they opposed a system of land grants that favoured settlers from Britain. Both of the rebellions in each colony against the Crown and the political status quo but both of them inspired the pivotal Durham Report and led to the union of the two colonies. -
Durham's Report
After the Rebellion,Britain realized that the old ways of governing had to be changed. Durham paid particular attention to the relations between the English and the Canadians of Lower Canada.In his opinion,it was necessary to give the elected assembly more power.He also proposed to unite the Upper Canada and Lower Canada,Even though the British government despited his report, it was an important document that given responsible government and recommended all colonies be brought together. -
The union act of 1840
The act of British Parliament passed July 1840 and proclaimed February 10th 1841, uniting Upper Canada and Lower Canada under one government and creating the United province of Canada. The act was inspired by Lord Durham's report. The act of Union's main provisions were the establishment of a single permanent with equal representation from each constituent section. -
United province of Canada
The united province of Canada was a response to the problems and violence that plagued Lower and Upper Canada in the 1830s and during this time the responsible government came to BNA, trade and bringing wealth to the region. It was one of the three colonies that first joined confederation. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was an America idea that it was the fate of the US to control all of North America. Colonies in BNA became concerned that US would try to take all over the North America. -
Repeal of the Corn Laws
The Corn Laws were part of Britain's colonial mercantile economic system.Grain from the colonies entered Britain tax free or with only a low traiff, but grain from any other country had a substantial tax added to its price.In 1846 the free traders won out and the British government repealed the Corn Laws, that drove the colonies into an economic depression. -
The coffin ships
Many immigrants from Ireland travelled to North America.Because coffin ships were the cheapest way to cross the Atlantic. These ships were crowded and covered with disease, with poor access to food and water. It was a death ship that many passengers died durling the journey. -
Rebellion Losses Bill
Louis introduced this contentious bill in Feb,1949 into the Legislative Assembly of the province of Canada and Lord Elgin signed it proposed to use tax money to compensate anyone in Canada east who lost property in the rebellions.This was an important event in Canada's history and along with the success of the Rebellion Losses Bill, came a success of a responsible government. -
Creating the colony of BC
The British government passed a law establishing the Crown colony of BC and offered the governorship of the colony to James Douglas. In the process of creating the new colony the British government cancelled the Hudson's Bay Company exclusive trade rights with Aboriginal people on the mainland. -
The Cariboo Gold Rush
Occuring between 1860 and 1863, the cariboo gold rush took place in the romote,isolated Cariboo mountains region. It began when prospectors drawn from the Fraser River Gold Rush discovered gold in the Horsefly River.The gold rush bring men and women from all over to the Cariboo.The journey was long and difficult,miners who came to the Cariboo soon found the need for the basic services. -
The American Civil War
In the spring of 1861, decades of simmering tensions between the northern and southern United States over issues including states' rights versus federal authority, westward expansion and slavery exploded into the American Civil War.Remaining confederate forces surrender. The nation is reunited as the war ends, over 620,000 Americans died in the war. With the American Civil War, BNA trade with the US rose quickly and there became an economic dependence on both Britain and the US. -
Toward Confederation
At first, the colonies didn't want to join the confederation because they didn't want to have a central government in Canada and control their money and lands.The reason why they finally agreed to join was thay were suffering from the economic depression and fear of the US. But the achievement of the confederation was great,had an opportunity to create a whole new country,had a stronge central government and also a new economic policy. -
The BNA act
The BNA act, which was passed by the British Parliament,it was a major part of Canada's constitution and created Canada as a new,domestically self-governing federation,consisting of the Provinces of New Brunswick,Nova Scotia,Ontario and Quebec. It established the new federation's distribution of responsibilities and powers for each level of government. It was Canada's greatest challenge. -
Red River Rebellion
The first time of the rebellion was in 1869 and the second was in 1885.The first of these was not really a rebellion against the British Crown,but was merely an assertion of the basic rights of British citizens. Both of the rebellions were led by Louis Riel. It was sparked by the transfer of the vast territory of Rupert's land to the new nation of Canada and many of the Mètis,feared for their culture and land rights under Canadian control.They established a provisional government after that. -
The Manitoba Act
The Canadian parliament passed the Manitoba Act creating the fifth province of Canada called Manitoba.It started that Mètis lands would be protected but all other lands were the property of the Dominion of Canada.Much of the act was based on the Mètis List of Rights and it was a remarkable achievement for Louis Riel. -
CPR syndicate formed
In 1880, Macdonald made the group an offer and a monopoly west of Lake Superior for 20 years.The CPR syndicate changed the planned route of the railway and the new CPR syndicate was to complete the railways within 10 years. -
The Northwest uprising
The Mètis in the northwest territories were losing patience with the Canadian government.They had not been part of the treaty process and their status under the Indian Act was unclear.The new railway would bring more newcomers to the northwest so the Mètis felt they need to act.But it was an unsuccessful uprising. -
CPR completed
Even though at first nobody knows who would build the railway and where the railway should go,and the biggest challenge was passing through the Rocky Mountains but the railway was built as promised and it was completed five years ahead of the schedule.
