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Cell Theory
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Robert Hooke ( Part 1 )
Approximate year of discovery: 1665 Contribution: Robert wrote Micrographia, the first book that described 'observations seen through a microscope.' Robert was the first to use the word "cell" to identify microscopic structures. His idea's/studies helped lead to further use of the word "cell" How the Discovery was made: Hooke applied his technical abilities to invent ways of controlling the height and angle of microscopes, as well as mechanisms of illumination. >>> -
Robert Hooke ( Part 2 )
Continued >>> When Hooke viewed a thin cutting of cork he discovered empty spaces contained by walls, and termed them pores, or cells. The term cells stuck and Hooke gained credit for discovering the building blocks of all life. Why his model disproved the previous model: In the years of 1600-1664, there was no knowledge of cells. Cells were too small to be seen, so when Robert Hooke discovered "cells", in a cork slice using a primitive compound microscope, he became the first. -
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek ( Part 1 )
Approximate year of discovery: Jan 1st 1674 Contribution: Anton van Leeuwenhoek was inspired by the glasses used by drapers to inspect the quality of cloth. By this, he invented a lens that was could magnify an object by over 270 percent. He then used his powerful microscope to make major biological discoveries. He was considered the “father of microbiology’. Microscopes were essential in the discovery of the cell theory, for they allowed the study of the cell itself. >>> -
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek ( Part 2 )
Continued>>> How the Discovery was made: Anton Van Leeuwenhoek's single most important discovery was the existence of single-cell organisms. While using a microscope to examine pond water in 1674, he observed dozens of protists, which he called 'animalcules,' as well as spirogyra, or green algae The term 'animalcules' was used for a long time; eventually scientists began using the word 'microorganisms.' >>> -
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek ( Part 3 )
Continued>>>
Why his model disproved the previous model:
The existence of single-celled organisms not only opened an entirely new unseen world for biologists but also established the field of microbiology. Leeuwenhoek's discovery helped to form the basis of cell theory and discredit the idea of spontaneous generation. -
Robert Brown ( Part 1 )
Approximate year of discovery: Jan 1st 1827 Contribution: Robert Brown contributed to cell theory by showing the radical motion of molecules within a cell under the light of a microscope. The Brownian method was named after Brown's discovery of the way that the molecules moved. How the Discovery was made: While studying orchids under a microscope, he observed the opaque areas in cells which he called the areola or nucleus. >>> -
Robert Brown ( Part 2 )
Continued>>>
Why his model disproved the previous model: Robert Brown focused his studies on observation of plant cells through a microscope. His observations were so advanced than other scientists that it led him to discover the cell’s nucleus, and he was first scientist to describe the nucleus’ natural occurrence in living organisms’ cells. He gave the nucleus its name, and helped to develop the cell theory by attempting to understand the nucleus' importance in cellular activity. -
Theodor Schwann ( Part 2 )
Continued>>>
Why his model disproved the previous model:
In 1838 Schwann became familiar with Matthias Schleiden's microscopic research on plants. Schleiden described plant cells and proposed a cell theory which he was certain was the key to plant anatomy and growth. Pursuing this line of research on animal tissues, Schwann not only verified the existence of cells, but he traced the development of many adult tissues from early embryo stages. >>> -
Theodor Schwann ( Part 3 )
Continued>>>
Cells were originally discovered in the mid-16th century by Robert Hooke, who identified them by studying pieces of cork under a microscope. Although there was some minor advancement in cellular theory between Hooke's discoveries and the presentation of Schwann's and Schleiden's theory, it was Theodor Schwann that first introduced the idea that living things are composed of cells. >>> -
Theodor Schwann ( Part 1 )
Approximate year of discovery: Jan 1st 1838
Contribution: Theodor Schwann greatest contribution however was the organization of all of the scientific findings of cells into the cell theory.
How the Discovery was made:Theoodor Schwann reached the same conclusion as Schleiden about animal tissue being composed of cells, ending speculations that plants and animals were fundamentally different in structure. Schwann described cellular structures in animal cartilage (rigid extracellular matrix). >>> -
Matthias Jakob Schleiden ( Part 1 )
Approximate year of discovery: Jan 1st 1839 Contribution: Matthias Jakob Schleiden, was one of the founders of the cell theory, obviously contributing to its creation by creating it. He worked with Schwann to create the final version of the cell theory.
How the Discovery was made: Schleiden worked with other scientists on the importance of the nucleus in cell division, as well as having detailed observations of plant development on a cellular level. >>> -
Matthias Jakob Schleiden ( Part 2)
Continued>>> Why his model disproved the previous model: Schlieden investigated plants microscopically and conceived that plants were made up of recongnizable units, or cells. Plant growth, he stated in 1839 , came about through the production of new cells, which, he speculated, where prophagates from the nuclei of old cells. >>> -
Matthias Jakob Schleiden ( Part 3 )
Continued >>> Although later discoveries proved him wrong about the role of the nucleus in mitosis, or cell division, his conception of the cell as the common structural unit of plants had the profound effect of shifting scientific attention to living processes as they happened on the cellular level-a change that initiated the field of embryology. >>> -
Matthias Jakob Schleiden ( Part 4 )
Continued>>> A year after Schleiden published his cell theory on plants, his friend Schwann extended it to animals, thereby bringing botany and zoology together under one unifying theory. -
Rudolf Virchow ( Part 1 )
Approximate year of discovery: Jan 1st 1855 Contributed: The German doctor Rudolf Virchow proposed that all cells result from the division of previously existing cells, and this idea became a key piece of modern cell theory. Virchow also founded the discipline of cellular pathology based on the idea that diseases do not affect an entire organism but are instead localized to certain groups of cells. This made it easier to diagnose and treat diseases.>>> -
Rudolf Virchow ( Part 2 )
Continued>>> How the discovery was made: By using the cell theory, he created the modern concept of pathological processes. That concept describes the development and origin of pathogens, or diseases, in an organism. According to his process, diseases arise within an organism's individual cells, and then, based on the second principle of the cell theory that organisms are made of an array of connected cells, they travel to other cells.>>> -
Rudolf Virchow ( Part 3 )
Continued>>> Why his model disproved the previous model: Rudolph Virchow suggested that all cells come from pre-existing cells. His aphorism’omnis cellula e cellula’ meaning every cell from a pre-existing cell became the foundations of division, even if the process was not fully understood then.
He also stated that not all plants are made up of cells,which eventually lead to the creation of the cell theory.