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Permit
The Georgia legislature had passed a bill directing settlers on Cherokee land to obtain a permit that required an oath of loyalty to the state. -
Removal Bill
The Senate Indian Affairs committee reported a bill in line with Jackson's recommendation on February 22, 1830. The bill would authorize the president to offer western lands in exchange for Native American holdings in the states and territories. The president would be empowered to provide aid to any Native Americans who emigrated, and would be bound to protect the amigres in their new lands. -
Indian Removal Act
The Senate approved the federal removal bill -
Final agreement for the removal act
In a 103-97 vote, the House passed the Removal bill on May 26, 1830, and President Jackson signed it into law two days later. -
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia
Chief Justice Marshall handed down a decision in Cherokee Nation V. Gerogia. -
Chief Ross is speaking up.
Chief Ross emerged as the foremost opponent of removal at the July 1832 meeting. -
Georgia's law was unconstitutional
The marshall Court ruled on March 3, 1832, in Worcester v. Georgia, that Georgia's law was unconstitutional -
Jackson's two offers for the Cherokee lands
Ross met with Jackson twice in February 1833, and the exchanges were heated. Jackson made two offers for the Cherokee lands: $2.5 million for assisted removal, or $3 million if the Cherokee left without any government help. Ross Refused. -
Disapproval of Ross's decision.
Committee President Ridge expressed his disapproval of Ross's decision to dismiss Jackson's offer, and the others in the Treaty Part composed a letter to the General Council warning that continued resistance to removal would "not result in the restoration of those rights" the tribe had lost. -
Another meeting
The General Council again sent Ross to meet with President Jackson. Jackson, however, knew that they lacked authority and that neither the Cherokee governing bodies nor the U.S. Senate would approve any treaty they signed. He thus dismissed Pack and Ross, requesting the they return with leaders of greater stature within the Cherokee Nation. -
Schermerhorn
Schermerhorn proposed paying $4.5 million, plus extensive western lands, for the Cherokee homeland. The provisional treaty along these lines was signed on March 14,1835 -
Committee approved Treaty of New Echota
The Ridge-Boudinot committee approved the deal on December 28, 1835, and the next day, at Boudinot's house, committee members signed the Treaty of New Echota. -
Treaty of New Echota
Senate passed the Treaty of New Echota in May 1836 by a single vote.