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The End of White Primary
White primary was a rule set in order to keep blacks from voting in major elections. White primary ended during 1945. Governor Ellis Arnal ruled that the white primary ended in Georgia. This was very beneficial to blacks because now, they could vote in major elections! They could now vote for their leaders and are one step closer to equality. Hoorah! -
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Civil Rights Time Period.
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The Election of 1946
The winner of this election was Eugene Talmadge. He was a segregationist who wanted to help the farmers. Soon after he was elected, he died. (Before his inaguration). This caused the three governor controversy, which will be explained in the next slide. -
Three Governor Contraversy (Herman Talmadge)
The three governor contraversy was a result from the election of 1946. This was when almost 3 governors were in office at once! The three governors consisted of Herman Talmadge, a segregationist who wanted to talk up his father's place as governor, Ellis Arnall, the previous governor who was trying to allow blacks to vote in white primaries, and Melvin Thompson, the lieutenant governor. Herman Talmadge eventually won an election held later for the rightful position of governor. He waslikehisdad -
Brown vs The Board of Education
In 1954, the US Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were unconstitutional. This was a result of the Brown v Board of Education case, which was about a girl who could not go to a school right next to her house because it was a white only school. This case caused a "spark" for segregationists. Schools refused to desegregate, even after the supreme court said to integrate at a deliberate speed. Eventually, it was deemed that counties could choose whether they would integrate or not. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. is one of the most well known Georgians in history. He earned a Noble Peace Prize for his massive contribuition to the Civil Rights Movement, and there is also a holiday named after him. MLK Jr. is known for his ways of passive resistance, and is often viewed as the "leader" of the Civil Rights Movement. He grauduated high school when he was very young (15 years old!), and studied at Morehouse College with Benjamin Mays. (Mays was his mentor). Spokesperson for MONTBusBoyco -
Georgia State Flag of 1956
This flag was made after the Brown vs Board of Education Case. It was a symbol to show that Gerogia would not integrate. The flag prominently displayed the Confederate Battle Flag. It was sort of like a symbol that showed, "We won't change our ways!" This was changed in 2001 due to it being offensive. -
Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter
These two were very smart and well respected high school students who applied for college at UGA. However, they were rejected due to their race. They sued the school and within 3 weeks, the Supreme Court ruled that the would start school at UGA on January 6, 1961. However, many people hated the fact that they were accepted. Many segreagtionists went to their dorm and threw objects at their window. After this, the two would not be treated well by their peers, but were never in physical danger. -
The Sibley Commssion
After the Brown v Board of Education, there were lots of people who didn't want to desegregate. John Sibley, a segregationist lawyer, held 10 hearings across Georgia to determine if people still wanted to resist. 60% of Georgians voted that they would rather close schools than desegregate. Sibley pushed for schools in Georgia to desegregate on a limited basis. After attempting to close UGA for integrating, the governor asked congress to accept Sibley's recommendations. -
Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter (cont).
These two did graduate, but it wasn't easy as they weren't treated well by their peers. In 2001, UGA celebrated the 40th year of desegregation by renaming one of the academic buildings after them. -
The Albany Movement
This was a movement when members of SNCC gathered in Albany, and began to protest the segregationist policies of the city. Local Community memebrs joined them too. There was a massive resistance from whites and 500 protesters landed in jail. MLK Jr. was also at this movement, and he was thrown in jail too. However, this movement was unsuccessful because MLK was released the next day, and he didn't get enough press for this. This was Unsuccessful but a great learning experience. -
SNCC (Student's Nonviolent Coordinating Committe)
SNCC was a major civil rights group that was made during the 1960s. It was formed in North Carolina. Members of this group were peaceful and used non-violent ways of protesting. (Sit-ins). This group was mainly made up of highschoolers and college aged students. It was successful in helping African-Americans gain sever General Assembly Seats. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964.
This was an act that was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. It forbade discrimination based on sex or race in hiring, promoting, and hiring. Another bill signed a year after this was the Voting Rights Act of 1965. It prohibited states not allowing people to vote based on race or color. These acts were a result of the March on Washington led by MLK Jr. (He said his famous "I had a Dream" Speach there. -
Benjamin Mays
Benjamin Mays was a very important Civil Rights activist. He was a leading civil rights activist before and after the modern Civil Rights Movement. He was a mentor of Martin Luther King Jr, and practiced the ways of passive resistance. He focused on education most of his life. He was also friends with Ghandi. In 1940, Benjamin Mays was teh President of Morehouse College. -
Lextor Maddox
Lextor Maddox was one of the last overtly segregationist governor in Georgia history. Ironically, he had appointed more African-Americans to government positions than all the governors prior to him combined. He owned a famous restaurant and was well known for it. However, he closed his restaurant rather than desegregating it. He never once appolgized for his segregationist ways. -
Manyard Jackson
Manyard Jackson was the first Mayor of Atlanta. He was also the first African-Amrerican to become mayor. He attended school at Morehouse College and graduated when he was 18. He evetually got a degree in law. He provided more contract work to black-owned businesses and expanded the Hartsfield ATL International Airport. He also added more black police officers to the city's police force and made sure that they were promoted in the department. The airport was renamed to Hartsfield-Jackson for him. -
Andrew Young
Andrew Young was an African American mayor of ATL. He was active in the Civil Rights movement and primarily focused on, "voter registration drives". He helped train civil rights volunteers to become more passive and peaceful. When he became mayor, he helped to grow the city and continue growth and national and international prestige.
