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13th Amendment
Was the federal outlawing of slavery within all confines of the United States. Was a major step towards freedom and inequality for African Americans. Causes: The rising voices for aboltionists, and supporters of African humanity. Causes: Set Africans "free" essentially, created a rift between the North and Sout of the United States. -
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W.E.B DuBois
Was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, author and editor. -
14th Amendment
REally defined the rights people have as an American ctizen, and what the privileges are of being an American ditizen entail exactly. Causes: Due to the South losing the Civil War, the North ultimately has all of the power in deciding the full rights and privileges of not just African Americans, but all minorities. Effects: Helped further develop and give equaltiy to minorities within the United States. -
15th Amendment
Essentially gave African Americans the right of suffrage, or the right to vote. Was another major turning oint in United States history, and another step closer to full equality for African Americans. Causes: Supporters in developing hte rights of Africans farther. Effects: Showed the dominant support of the omnipowerful Northern United States, in winning the Civil War, and having hte power to grnt suffrage to African Americans. -
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Guranteed the equal treatment in public accomadations, transportation, and other social venues. Causes: The rising movement of ewual rights for African Americans. Effects: Sergregation started to work its way to the surface as a problem inhibiting equality among citizens of hte United States. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
A supreme court case upholding the constitutionality of seperate but equal, as in equal segregation. Causes: Homer Plessy refusing to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law. Effects: The court case and moument detailing what transpired. -
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Rosa Parks
Was a civil rights activist, and was called "the mother of the freedom movement," among many other things. -
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Jackie Robinson
Was an American Baseball Player, who played second base. Was the first African American to play baseball in the major leagues. -
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George Wallace
Was an American politician and the 45th governor of Alabama. Was a US presidential candidate four consecutive times. -
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Malcolm X
Was an American Muslim minister and civil rights activist. -
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Martin Luther King Jr.
Was an American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and overall leader in the African American civil rights movement. -
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Blsck Muslims
Was active with the civil rights movement and the Black's muslim's acceptance into society. Malcolm X was one of its ministers. -
Scottsboro Boys
Were nine African Americans accused of raping two women on a a train. Cause: Maybe the women were rostitues or had a motive. Effects: Showed the importnce of giving a fair trial and and how raism impedes society and hurts others and their individual rights. -
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Congress of Racial Equality
Was a major organization of the Civil Rights Movement. Was involved in the Freedom Riders/Rides. Were also responsible in part for hte desgregation of Chicago public schools. -
Executive Order 9981
It abolished the racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces. Ultimately led to the end of segregation in all service jobs. Causes: Ralization, African Americans contribute to the Armed service just as much a White individual. The movement of equality. Effects: Decreased reacial segregation in the Armed Services, and eventually services in general. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Was a Supreme Court case ruling that the segregation of African American and White childern and teenagers was too unconstitutional. Causes: Protestors advocating for equal rights and desegregation in the public school system. Effects: The ruling of the court case, and the desegregation of public schools. -
Emmet Till Murder
Was an African American teenager lynched in Missippi for supposedly flirting with a woman. Causes: Serves as an example to show the skewed views of abusing other races, and the skewed belief of supremacy. Effects: Served as a major example to the later world and the civil rights movement, in the memory of Emmet Till..... -
Montgomery Bus Boycotts
Was a boycott onf African Americans refusing to ride on segregated buses. Was one of teh first Civil Rights Strikes of the 1900s. Causes: People fed up with segregated public transportation, and society in general. Effects: The Supreme Court voted to end segreagated public transportation. Was a profound effect. -
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Was heavily involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Their first prsident was MLK. Were very closely associated with the actions and civil movements of MLK. -
Little Rock Nine
Were a group of nine students entering the White school system of Little Rock, Arkansas. Causes: The push to desegregate the public school system. Effects: It did desegregate schools, and was another step towards full equality for African Americans. -
Sit-In Movement Begins Greensboro N.C.
Were a series of non-violent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina. Did lead to the Woolworth department store chain to desegregate their stores. Causes: THe non-violent protest. Effects: Shows how protesting CAN achieve things. -
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Was a major group in the civil rights movement. Especially worked for voter registrtion in the South, primarily: Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. -
Freedom Riders
Were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into segregated Southern communities in which equality and following of federal regulations was not present. Causes: Wanting the movement to affect all areas of the United States, especially hte South, literally the root of the problem. Effects: Many white supremacits battled back, burning buses, showed the bravery of activists to go down there, to the South. -
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
MLK wrote the letters defending nonviolent protest against racism. People have a moral responsibility to fight against unjust laws, rather than be crushed by them into oblivion. Causes: To show the true thinking behind the right for racial equality. Effects: Gave others inspiration, and helped others rejustofy their fight for racial equality. -
Medgar Evers Killed
Was a civil rights activist and secreaty of the NAACP on Mississippi. Shot walking up to his house. Causes: Was a civil rights leader, white suremacists had differing thoughts. Effects: Traumatized his two young children who witnessed his murder on that day. -
March on Washington DC-MLK's "I Have a Dream" Speech
Was a massive rally for African Americans to show the policitcal and social problems many African Americans still faced all across the country. It all culminated in MLK's famous "I Have A Dream Speech." Causes: The continued ptoblems Africans faced across the US. Effects: Forced many to consider full equality for African Americans, saw a change in many hearts. -
Disappearance of Michael H. Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, James E. Chaney
Was the abduction of three civil rights workers during the Freedom Summer. They were abducted and murder of all three of them by the KKK. Causes: White supremacists fighting back African American equality. Effectss: The death of civil rights worker, it is like a small revolution. A war at home for equal rights. -
24th Amendment
Asserted that a citizen's right to vote is never impeded by the United States or a state for not paying taxes.....Causes: The civil rights movement, the right to vote/suffrage cannot be taken away. Effects: Marked another major landmark in the civil rights movement. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Is a landmark piece of civil rights. It outlined the outlawing of discrimination of people based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Causes: Was a response and answer to the Civil Rights Movement. Effects: Helped break more discrimination against African Americans and other minorities. -
Freedom Summer
Was a volunteer campaign during the Summer of 1964 t register as many African American voters as possible in Missipppi. Which historically prevented many Africans from doing. Causes: The civil rights movement of spreading eqaulity to all places of the United States. Effects: Gave equal suffrage to mostly all people in Mississippi. -
MLK Receives the Nobel Peace Prize
He received he award to due his passive and nonviolnet fight against racial prejudice in America. Was the youngest individual to recieve the award, at age 35. Causes: His continued fight against racial injustice. Effects: Gave him global recognition. -
Malcolm X Assasination
He was shot to death Nation of Islam members while giving a speech at a rally for his own organization. Causes: Some Muslim factions dd not believe in Africans being Muslim and associating with Islam in general. Effects: The leader of the Black Muslims Faction was assassinated. -
Jim Crow Laws (begin/end)
Were laws segregating individuals, especially in the South, in the Reconstuction period after the Civil War. Ended in 1965. Causes: The Southern ideal of slavery, and thinking the White man is better than the Africa American, and deserves to have seperate societies. Effects: Seperate African American society in the South. Created two totally seperate societies within the South, andultiamtely the United States as a country. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Seeked to overcome a way around state government laws and legslatures preventing African Americans from voting. Causes: The push for the right of suffrage for African Americans everywhere. Effects: Gov. support in overcoming state laws/gov. to grant suffrage to all people. -
LA (Watts) Riots
An African American motorcyclist was arrested for drunk driving. It then broked out into a massive fight, or a riot. Causes: The arrest with thoughts of white supremacy. Effects: Huge riots broke our and was a fight between civilians and the police. -
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Black Panthers
The Panthers practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S. government. It also fought to establish revolutionary socialism through mass organizing and community based programs. -
Thurgood Marshall appointed to the Supreme Court
Was the first African American justice in the history of the United States. Was oreviously known as being a successful lawyer. Causes: The movement of African Americans taking a higher roll in political America. Effects: Marked an important landmark in a continued time of suffering for equality and full recognition. -
MLK Assassination
MLK was a distinguished clergyman and a civil rights activist leader. MLK was killed in Memphis, Tennessee. Causes: White supremacy. Effects: A major loss of one of the greatest rights civil leaders. Etc. -
Birmingham Bombings
Was a Church bombing executed by White Sumpremacists. It killed four African American girls. Causes: The African American equality movement, White supremacists went into action. Effects: Showed the skewed and unrealistic perception of racial barriers in the United States.
