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jim crow laws
1960's Civil Rights Movement. Black Americans struggled for racial equality in the 1950's and 1960's. Earlier in the century, many states enacted "Jim Crow" laws. Jim Crow laws were named for a song sung by a white minstrel character of the mid 1800's who imitated popular Negro crooning and dancing. -
lynching
lynching is an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a group. -
black codes
In the United States, the Black Codes were laws passed by Democrat-controlled Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
13th amendment
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution officially abolished slavery in America, and was ratified on December 6, 1865, after the conclusion of the American Civil War. Constitution declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." -
14th amendment
In 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves who had been emancipated after the American Civil War, including them under the umbrella phrase “all persons born or naturalized in the United States.” -
sharecropping
During Reconstruction, many former slaves became trapped in a system of economic exploitation known as sharecropping. Lacking capital and land of their own, former slaves were forced to work as “sharecroppers” for large landowners, in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. -
15th amendment
15th Amendment, which was ratified in 1870, contained two sections. Section One stated that ''The right of citizens...to vote shall not be denied or abridged...on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.'important in that it not only finally gave African Americans the right to vote, but also allowed the most African Americans in history to be elected into public office. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court decided in 1896.It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".It stemmed from an 1892 incident where African-American train passenger Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law. the court ruled on the concept and set back civil rights in the United States for decades to come. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall studied law at Howard University. As counsel to the NAACP, he utilized the judiciary to champion equality for African Americans. In 1954, he won the Brown v. Board of Education case, in which the Supreme Court ended racial segregation in public schools. -
orval faubus
American politician who served as 36th Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967.Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students from enrolling at Central High School. Central High was an all white school. -
civil disobedience
On March 12, 1930, Indian independence leader Mohandas Gandhi begins a defiant march to the sea in protest of the British monopoly on salt, his boldest act of civil disobedience yet against British rule in India. -
stokely carmicheal
"Black Power" Era. Stokely Carmichael (1941–1998) was a civil rights activist and national chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in 1966 and 1967. He is credited with popularizing the term "Black Power." -
CORE
The Congress of Racial Equality is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Now acknowledged as one of the greatest Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century, unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
emmett till
The murder of Emmett Till, a 14-year old African-American boy, in August 1955 shocked the nation, and provided a catalyst for the emerging civil rights movement. A Chicago native, Till was visiting relatives in Money, Mississippi when he was accused of harrasing a local white woman. -
Rosa Parks
was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement" By refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama, city bus in 1955, black seamstress she helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States. -
montgomery bus boycott
On December 1, 1955, four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, refused to yield her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus. She was arrested and fined. The boycott of public buses by blacks in Montgomery began on the day of Parks' court hearing and lasted 381 days. -
non-violent protest
During the time period considered to be the "African-American Civil Rights" era, the predominant use of protest was nonviolent, or peaceful. ... During the 1950s and 1960s, the nonviolent protesting of the Civil Rights Movement caused definite tension, which gained national attention. -
Little rock nine
In a key event of the American Civil Rights Movement, nine black students enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957, testing a landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. -
civil rights act of 1957
On September 9, 1957, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed into law the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Originally proposed by Attorney General Herbert Brownell, the Act marked the first occasion since Reconstruction that the federal government undertook significant legislative action to protect civil rights -
affirmative action
Affirmative action is an outcome of the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, intended to provide equal opportunities for members of minority groups and women in education and employment. Affirmative action policies initially focused on improving opportunities for African Americans in employment and education. -
freedom riders
The Freedom Rides took place in the United States during the civil rights movement. They were a series of nonviolent political protests against segregation during which African Americans and whites rode buses together through the South in 1961. -
cesar chavez
was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. -
ole piss integration
riots erupted on the campus of the University of Mississippi in Oxford where locals, students, and committed segregationists had gathered to protest the enrollment of James Meredith, a black Air Force veteran attempting to integrate the all-white school. -
betty friedan
was an American writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century.broke new ground by exploring the idea of women finding personal fulfillment outside of their traditional roles. She also helped advance the women's rights movement as one of the founders of the National Organization for Women -
march on washington
On 28 August 1963, more than 200,000 demonstrators took part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in the nation's capital. The march was successful in pressuring the administration of John F. Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill in Congress. -
U of Alabama integration
In his 1963 inaugural address, he promised his white followers: “Segregation now! ... Segregation forever!” When African American students attempted to desegregate the University of Alabama in June 1963, Alabama's new governor, flanked by state troopers, literally blocked the door of the enrollment office. -
martin luther king jr
American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement.had a great deal of influence on American society in the 1950s and 1960s. His strong belief in non-violent protest helped set the tone of the movement."I Have a Dream" is a speech given by him during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, in which he calls for an end to racism in the United States and called for civil and economic rights. -
george wallace
American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983–1987.Despite his failures in slowing the accelerating civil rights movement in the South, Wallace became a national spokesman for resistance to racial change and in 1964 entered the race for the U.S. presidency. -
desegregation
ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. -
civil tights act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. -
voting rights act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson (1908-73) on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States. -
watts riots
The Watts riots, sometimes referred to as the Watts Rebellion, took place in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles from August 11 to 16, 1965. On August 11, 1965, an African-American motorist was arrested for suspicion of drunk driving. A minor roadside argument broke out, and then escalated into a fight. -
black panthers
Image result for black panthers significance civil rights
The Black Panthers. The Black Panthers were formed in California in 1966 and they played a short but important part in the civil rights movement. ... The language of the Black Panthers was violent as was their public stance. The two founders of the Black Panther Party were Huey Percy Newton and Bobby Seale. -
lestor maddox
American politician who served as the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. A populist Democrat, Maddox came to prominence as a staunch segregationist, when he refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, in defiance of the Civil Rights Act. He later served as Lieutenant Governor during the time that Jimmy Carter was Governor. -
Lester Maddox
A populist Democrat, Maddox came to prominence as a staunch segregationist, when he refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, in defiance of the Civil Rights Act. He later served as Lieutenant Governor during the time that Jimmy Carter was Governor. -
SCLC
SCThe Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization, which is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr, had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement. main aim was to advance the cause ofcivil rights in America but in a non-violent manner. From its inception in 1957, its president was Martin Luther King – a post he held until his murder in 1968 -
hector garcia
was an advocate for Hispanic-American rights during the Chicano movement. He was the first Mexican-American member of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission and was awarded the Medal of Freedom.organized the American G.I. Forum, a civil-rights organization devoted to securing equal rights for Hispanic Americans. -
Title IX(9)
Title IX states that: No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance -
sit ins
Sit-ins and Their Impact on the Civil Rights Movement. Sit-ins weren't a new civil rights technique. But they in 1960 they helped energize the civil rights movement. In the early 1940s, the Congress of Racial Equality successfully used sit-ins to desegregate public facilities, in Chicago primarily
