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Harry Byrd
Byrd was adamantly against racial desegregation in public schools, and advocated for the policy of massive resistance. His policy denied many African American students the right to an education, and so had a negative affect on the civil rights movement. -
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
The 34th President of the United States, Eisenhower used his power to help end segregation in the United States. He became involved in many civil rights matters, always fighting to end racial discrimination. His power as President allowed him to make changes that furthered the movement. -
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Earl Warren
He was a Chief Justice of the United States that helped end segregation in schools. His ruling in the Brown v. Board of Education case, as well as others, helped African Americans gain equality in the United States. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
This case decided to allow states to uphold the rights of segregation laws, and upheld the separate but equal idea. It was one of the first cases to challenge segregation, and was the first step in making a more united country. -
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Oliver Hill
Hill was a civil rights attorney who helped fight racial discrimination and helped end the separate but equal doctrine. He was one of the people involved in the court case Brown v. Board of Education, and helped further the movement of desegregation in America. -
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Thurgood Marshall
Marshall was the first African American justice of the Supreme Court. He helped get the victory of the Brown v. Board of Education case. He helped further the civil rights movement by his involvement in the case and in the Supreme Court. -
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Lyndon B. Johnson
Johnson was the 36th President of the United States. He met with civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. to discuss the issues and signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law. He helped get rid of racial discrimination the United States. -
Founding of NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored people is an African American civil rights organization created to fight prejudice, lynching and the Jim Crow Laws. This helped advance the movement towards desegregation. -
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Rosa Parks
Parks was a civil rights activist who is best known for refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, starting the Montgomery Bus Boycott's. He actions showed African Americans how resistance to the unfair segregation laws was possible. -
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John F. Kennedy
The 35th President of the United States, Kennedy supported racial integration. He gave his famous civil rights address, and his proposals became part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Kennedy's actions as President helped further the civil rights movement. -
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Martin Luther King Jr.
He was a key leader in the civil rights movement, working through civil disobedience and helping created many organizations to fight the racial prejudiced in the country. He influenced many people and provided hope for a better future for African Americans. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This court case finally declared segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional. It was a huge step in making the education system equal for all. People against the desegregation of public schools used the strategy of massive resistance, particularly after this court ruling. -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
The boycott began when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man. After that, African Americans refused to ride buses in Montgomery, Alabama to protest segregated seating. This lead to Montgomery integrating its buses. It gave hope to African Americans to see others fighting against the injustices of segregation, and helped get rid of segregation. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
This was a civil rights organization formed shortly after the Montgomery Bus Boycott victory. Founded by Martin Luther King Jr., this organization helped to better the lives of African Americans during the civil rights movement. -
"Little Rock Nine" and Central High School Integration
After the declaration of segregation being unconstitutional, nine African American students were going to be enrolled in a formerly all-white high school. Many tried to stop their entry into the school, and President Eisenhower had to intervene to get them safely to the school. This shows the reluctance some people still had towards integration, but was also a pivotal moment in African American history, and showed how change was really being implemented in public schools. -
Woolworth's Sit In
Four African American college students sat at a lunch counter, requested to be served, and were denied. They stayed seated, showing civil disobedience in protest of segregation. This gave hope to younger people who wanted to challenge the racial segregation in society. -
Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC)
Led by Martin Luther King Jr., this organization gave younger African Americans a chance to voice their opinions during the civil rights movement. They helped combat segregation and advocated for social change. -
March on Washington
More than 200,000 Americans gathered together to shead ligh on the problems African Americans were facing in society. It made more people aware of the important of these issues, and included Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous "I Have a Dream Speech" that inspired many to fight for justice. -
"I Have a Dream" speech
This speech was made by Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington. It was an influential and positive speech, that showed his hope for a better and more equal future. It provided many African Americans with hope for the better future he was talking about. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act outlawed discrimination based on race, religion, color, sex, or national origin. It got rid of segregation in voting, schools, the workplace, and public facilities. This was a huge step in truly providing equality for all people in the United States, and getting rid of segregation. -
Civil Rights Act of 1965
This prohibited racial discrimination in voting. The Act contributed to the civil rights movement by allowing African Americans to have as equal a say in government as their fellow white citizens.
