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Election of 1860
Lincoln won presidential election. Southern states seceded from union afraid Lincoln would take away freedom to slavery. South Carolina seceded because of Lincoln's presidency. -
Confederate States of America formed
11 states seceded from america after the election of 1860. The first state to leave was South Carolina and followed by Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. Four other states, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennesse, and Virginia. -
First Battle of Bull Run
The First Battle of Bull Run was the first major land battle of the war. It occurred near Manassas, Virginia. Union forces from Washington, DC totaling 28,450, under the command of General Irvin McDowell, attempted to surprise 32,230 Confederate troops. The Union suffered nearly 3,000 casualties. This is the battle that earned "stonewall" Jackson his name. -
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Reconstruction Plan of President Lincoln
The 10% plan was when the confederate soldiers who swore alegence had gotten there property back and ability to vote. Except for slaves confederate officers and officials. -
Battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in Tennessee
Both of these battles happened in the same month 10 miles apart from eachother. The Confederate’s Fort Henry fell on Feb 5th, General Ulysses S. Grant‘s troops and 7 gunboats from the Union began shelling the fort. The Confederate troops evacuated Fort Henry and moved to Fort Donelson 10 miles away, and Grant’s troops followed them. Union casualties were 2,331 while the Confederacy suffered more than 15,000. The Union could now head south through Tennessee. This was the Unions first victory. -
Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack
The Battle of Hampton Roads was the most famous and well-known naval battle of the Civil War. It was also the first battle between two ironclad ships, the Monitor and the Merrimack. In the end neither side was declaired the winner. But this battle got nationwide attenion and also revolutionized how warships were build. -
The Battle of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh also known as Battle of Pittsburg Landing took place on April 6-7, 1862. The northern army was headed by General Ulysses S. Grant and sourther army by General Beauregard. Seconded battle of the civil War. Although this battle Resulted in a union victory both sides suffered heavy losses. -
Battle of Antietam
Generals Robert E. Lee and George Mcclellan had fought in the first American Civil War battle on northern land. Mcclellan had a advantage in numbers and had won against Lee's army. Union was defeated many times and Lincoln the north's president had passed the Emancipation Proclamation. It was the most murderous day with well above 22,000 deaths. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation is created by president Lincoln. It was the third year in the devastating war. The emancipation proclamation was created to say that all slaves had now be set free. -
Conscription Act Passed
Also know as the military draft act. The conscription act was for both sides of the war. Since in the war they needed more soldiers the conscription act required men to serve in the military. All men from the age of 18-45 were required to join the army. Men could get out of war bif they had 20 men or more. Men could also hire subsitutes if they did not want to go to war. Since the rich men could get out of going to war the poor complained that they were fighting a rich mans war. -
Battle of Chancellorvile
The battle of Chancellorville took place from April 30 to May 6, 1863. Tis battle was known as lee greatest victory. With numbers much less than the norths he took a risky mov eby spliting his troops in half. He then leed the suprise attack on Joseph Hooker and it worked. -
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Battle of Gettysburg
Confederate troops made an advance on Union troops while they found a supply of shoes. They were in battle for three bloody days. On the third day Lee ordered General George Pickett to make a direct attack on the Union line. That attack had ended badly and they had failed. 13,000 rebel troops had walked into heavy fire. The north had lost about 25,000 men and Lee's army had 28,000 wounded or dead. -
Siege of Vicksburg
The day after Pickett's charge general Ulysses S. Grant had defeated confederate troops at the siege of Vicksburg. The year before that the general had won opportunities for traveling along the Mississippi river into the south. Vicksburg was the last place to get access to. The general had tried direct attack and failed so began to have a long battle or siege. They blocked imports and had made the city they enclosed starve. The city began living off their mules, dogs and rats & then surrendered. -
New york Draft Riots
Rioters had been angered and went on a racial rampage. They had destroyed property and attacked others on the streets. This lasted four days and over 100 people were killed, mostly African Americans. -
Lincoln's reelection
Lincoln was reelected for president and had started his 2 term. They were starting to have doubts on if the Union could every be fully conquered militarily. From his reelection hope for peace with the confederacy had vanished. -
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Sherman's March, "Total war"
Union General William T. Sherman took 60,000 soldiers almost 300 miles through Atlanta to Savannah and then Georgia. This was called "March to the sea" and was done to scare Georgia's civilians into giving up on the confederate cause. Though Sherman's soldiers didn't destroy any towns they did steal from them and those who fought back had their houses and barns burnt. -
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Black Codes Enacted
Black codes are restrictions placed for African Americans in the south after slavery was banned. It had made slaves labeled even more as a different species. Although blacks were no longer bought or slaves they still were forced to do things. Many states required blacks to have a yearly labor contract and if they refused they could be fined, go to jail, or be forced into unpaid labor. -
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Reconstruction Act
After the Civil War the south had trouble rebuilding a society without slavery. In march 1865 Lincoln had made a promise to reunify the nation "With malice harm toward none, with charity for all". -
The Thirteenth Amendment
The thirteenth amendment had freed all America from slavery. The first time Lincoln had tried to get congress to pass the amendment they had refused.When Lincoln had asked the second time it was passed as the Thirteenth amendment. -
Freedmen's Bureau Established
The Freedman's Bureau was established to help former slaves and poor whites from the south after the civil war. Since the slaves were now free and the civil war destroyed communities and plantations the economy was bad. The Freedman's Bureau had provided shelter, food, schools, medical aid, and legal assistance. -
Surrender at Appomattox
Lee had wanted to keep fighting but he knew the situation was hopeless. Lee shad informed General Grant of his decision to surrender and had set up a meeting to arrange the surrender at the Appomattox Court House. After that Grant had let the confederates go home and gave them food to the hungry confederate soldiers. -
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
President Abraham Lincoln and his wife went to see a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C. While Lincoln and his wife were watching the play John Wilkes Booth had came in and shot Lincoln in the back of the head. Two of Booths accomplices were supposed to kill the Vice president and Secretary of state but both had failed. Booth was later found and shot and the others were hanged or imprisoned. Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated. Without him it was hard to repair the nation. -
Thirty Ninth Congress
The Thirty -
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan was a group of former confederate soldiers who thought former slaves should not have any rights. The Klan had terrorized blacks and had wanted to restore democratic control on the south and keep former slaves powerless. Authrities from the military had ignored the violence beetween the Klan and former slaves. -
Congressional Elections of 1866
Radical Republicans were swept into office, securing that a hard line would continue to be maintained against the former Confederate states. Johnson failed in his tries to convince the public to support his kind policy in his "Swing Around the Circle" tour. For the rest of his term, Johnson would face strong Congressional opposition. -
Race Riots
Amid the Civil War, the dark populace in Memphis had quadrupled, and racial strains were high. A carriage accident between a black man and a white man started a riot on May 1, 1866. When it ended three days later, 46 blacks and two whites had been killed, five black women raped, and hundreds of black homes, schools, and churches had been damaged or destroyed by arson. -
Race Riots Continued
Three months later, a riot in New Orleans began as a protest against the state Constitutional convention called by Louisiana Governor James Madison Wells, who supported empower black men and banning former Confederates from voting. On July 30, 1866, white people delegates and black supporters got together at the Constitutional convention. A fight on the street outside the hall elevated to a riot, which left 34 blacks and 3 white Republicans dead, and over 100 others hurt. -
Civil Rights Act of 1866
The civil rights act of 1866 had ended segregation at public places and banned discrimination at work places of sex, race, color, or religion. It was first proposed by President JFK but he was assassinated before it got passed by congress. It was later passed when JFK's successor Lyndon B. Johnson became president. -
Reconstruction Act Passed
Toward the end of May 1865, President Andrew Johnson reported his arrangements for Reconstruction, which reflected both his staunch Unionism and his firm confidence in states' rights. In Johnson's perspective, the southern states had never surrendered their entitlement to oversee themselves, and the government had no privilege to focus voting prerequisites or different inquiries at the state level. -
Reconstruction Act Passed continued
Under Johnson's Presidential Reconstruction, all land that had been appropriated by the Union Army and conveyed to the liberated slaves by the armed force or the Freedmen's Bureau (secured by Congress in 1865) returned to its prewar proprietors. Aside from being obliged to maintain the annulment of subjugation (of the13th Amendment to the Constitution), swear dedication to the Union and pay off war obligation, southern state governments were sans given rule to remake themselves. -
President Johnson's Administration
President Johnson had fired his secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, over disagreements about the Reconstruction. Johnson had been accused of violating the tenure of office act by the U.S House of Representatives.This was the first U.S president to be accused of a crime by the House of Representatives. -
Fourteenth Amendment Passed
Republicans wanted to be protected by the constitution, in order to achieve that the congress proposed th14th amendment. It stated that all people born in the U.S were citizens and had equal rights. But the amendment did not establish black suffrage. It did say that any state who kept black from voting would lose Representatives in congress. Johnson and every former confederate did not support the amendment besides Tennessee. The rejection made both the moderate and radical republicans angry. -
14th Amendment Continued
The two Groups joined forces and passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 and now the congress controlled the Reconstruction. commander. Members of the ruling class before the war lost their voting rights. Also the law stated that if the southern states wanted to rejoin the Union they would have to, give equal rights to all men including black and they would have to ratify the 14th amendment. -
Fifteenth Amendment Passed
The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
Grant Elected President
Grant was the 18th president of the United States. He was the first four star general to exist. He had been leader of battle against the souths General, Lee. He had won his last battle withe Lee in 1865 when Lee surendered. He served a second term four years later. -
Civil Rights Act of 1875
The Civil Rights act of 1875 say that anybody can not be denied the equal use of public facilities such as inns, restraunts, and others based on skin color. -
End of Reconstruction
After 1867, an expanding number of southern whites swung to brutality because of the progressive changes of Radical Reconstruction. The Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist associations focused on local Republican leaders, white and dark, and other African Americans who tested white power. -
End of Reconstruction continued
In 1874–after a financial discouragement dove a significant part of the South into poverty–the Democratic Party won control of the House of Representatives surprisingly since the Civil War. -
End of Reconstruction continued
Despite the fact that government enactment went amid the organization of President Ulysses S. Allow in 1871 trained in on the Klan and other people who endeavored to mess with dark suffrage and other political rights, white matchless quality continuously reasserted its hang on the South after the mid 1870s as backing for Reconstruction wound down. Prejudice was still a powerful drive in the South and North, and Republicans got to be more preservationist and less populist as the decade proceed. -
Plessy Vs Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson supports Louisiana law needing "separate but equal" changes on railroads. Court declares that separating people by race is not necessarily discrimination. Justice Harlanis disagreement argues that separating things/separating people by race is basically and mostly unfair treatment based on skin color. -
William V Mississippi
Williams v. Mississippi supports a state law needing a reading and writing ability test to qualify for voting.
