Cold War Project ................................................................. It was called the Cold War because there was no direct military engagement between the United States and the Soviets.
By Lucius_M
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Chinese Communist Revolution
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was able to mobilize a massive army that consisted of peasants to start to win some battles. They started to also win campaigns and this forced the Nationalist Government to retreat to Taiwan. The revolution was between the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek's control and the communists under Mao Zedong's control. Mao Zedong and the communists win this revolution. -
Formation of the Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc referred to former communist states of Eastern Europe, which included the countries that were in the Warsaw Pact. Yugoslavia and Albania are also a part of the Eastern Bloc. The Eastern Bloc was also known as the Communist Bloc. The whole purpose of the Eastern Bloc was to protect the Soviet military interest. This also gave the Soviets more indirect control. -
Postwar Occupation and Division of Germany
At the Potsdam Conference after Germany surrendered the Allies divided Germany into four military occupation zones. France had the southwest part, the United Kingdom had the northwest part, the United States had the southern part, and the Soviets had the eastern part of Germany. The east side of Germany fell under highly centralized communist rule while the rest of Germany was a more Western capitalist country with a market economy. -
Enactment of Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan provided foreign aid to Western Europe. In total, the United States gave away $13.3 billion to help with economic recovery. This plan helped to rehabilitate countries' economies to make them more stable so democratic institutions could survive so that communism wouldn't completely take over. -
Berlin Blockade and Airlift
Joseph Stalin imposed a blockade, cutting off all land and river transit. The Soviets built the Berlin Wall to prevent its population from escaping. After the Soviets put up the wall, the Allies proceeded to respond to the wall with a massive airlift to come and bring in aid to western Berlin. The United States and the U.K. brought over 2.3 million tons of aid within 278,000 airdrops. The airlift ended on Sept 30 1949 due to the Soviets changing their mind and destroying the wall. -
Korean War
The Korean War was between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The war started by North Korea invaded South Korea. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union, while South Korea was supported by the United States and the United Nations. The United States lost in a way because that was the first war they didn't win. North and South Korea are still divided to this day so neither one of them won the war. -
Cuban Revolution
The uprising army was led by Fidel Castro and the other party was the government, Fulgencio Batista. Fidel Castro was a communist leader that succeeded in taking over the government. -
Vietnam War
In the Vietnam War, North Vietnam wanted to reunite the country under communism. South Vietnam fought against this and didn't want to fall to communism. America even helped South Vietnam to fight this war but they were unsuccessful in doing so and North Vietnam won in 1975. -
Hungarian Uprising
The Hungarian people started to protest against Rákosi's regime and Moscow replaces him with Ernő Gerő that was still not liked. Students and Workers started protesting in the streets and the Hungarian military supported them. The uprising only lasted for 12 days until the Soviets came in with tanks and troops crushing them. The Soviets killed thousands of civilians and wounded many more. nearly a quart of a million Hungarians fled. -
Bay of Pigs Invasion
After Fidel Castro threw the government 1,400 Cuban exiles launched an invasion on the south coast of Cuba. The invasion was a huge failure. During the invasion, there were also supposed to be 2 air strikes on Cuban air bases. This was a dispute between the leader of Cuba and the United States. Eisenhower directed the CIA to begin preparations to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. The Invasion was a disaster and led to nothing happening in Cuba and Castro still being the communist government. -
Building the Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall became a symbol of the Cold War. The wall was built by the Soviets. Its purpose was to stop people from leaving East Germany to flee to West Germany. The wall went right through towns and cities. The conflict of this wall being built was between the Soviets and the United States. Eventually, the wall gets torn down making this a win for the United States. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis started due to the U.S. having missiles in Turkey near the Soviets so the Soviets wanted to have missiles near the U.S. and so they started the construction of missile sites in Cuba. When the U.S. heard of this they set up a blockade around Cuba and when the ships carrying more supplies to set up the missiles in Cuba came from the Soviet Union they turned around and went back. The Soviets later got ride of all the missiles in Cuba making this a win for the U.S. -
Rise of the Palestine Liberation Organization
The PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) was made at an Arab summit meeting. This brought many Palestinian groups together. The PLO launched guerrilla attacks against Israel from bases in Jordan. Israel won the battle and conquered the territory. There were several other conflicts during the PLO. -
Prague Spring
This was a brief period of economic and political liberalization in Czechoslovakia. This let people live under communism and let people enjoy new freedoms during this period. Shortly after tanks from the Soviets and others from the Warsaw Pact quickly crushed the reforms. A permanent Soviet Presence was established to prevent further reforms. -
Soviet War in Afghanistan
The Soviet war in Afghanistan started when the Soviets sought to prop up the country's communist government in a battle with anticommunists. The Soviets launched an invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviets sent in 30,000 troops. The Soviets soon signed an agreement with the United States, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to withdraw their troops completely. Afghanistan won the conflict because they got the Soviets to retreat. -
Solidarity Movement in Poland
This is when the communist government of Poland signed the agreement allowing for the existence, letting over 20 inter-factory founding committees of independent trade unions merge into one organization called NSZZ Solitary. The NSZZ is the opposition. This led to the first free election. This led to the end of the communist movement in Poland. -
Tiananmen Square Massacre
People of China were having a peaceful protest in Tiananmen Square in central Beijing. The protest was calling for political and economic reform. While the peaceful protest was happening Chinese authorities started using lots of force to try to get the protesters to stop talking and protesting. After that wasn't effective, military units were brought in. The military started killing all of the protesters. Thousands of civilians were killed and this left China with short and long-term problems. -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was built to stop East Germans from fleeing to West Germany. During the night crowds of Germans began destroying the wall. The Conflict of the wall was between the U.S. and the Soviets. The Soviets were the ones who put up the wall. Pressure was put on the East German government to loosen some of its regulations on travel to East Germany. This lead to the destruction to the wall. -
Fall of the Soviet Union
The communist leader of the Soviet Union started to allow electrons with multi-party systems. This created a slow process of democratization made the communist control unstable and led to the downfall. -
9/11 Attacks
The hijacked Flight 11 crashed into North Tower taking out floors 93-99. Flight 175 was hijacked and crashed into the South Tower taking out floors 77-85. These 2 plane crashes killed between 16,400-18,000 people. Another plane crashed into the Pentagon in Virginia. Flight 93 was being taken back over when the plane crashed into an open field in PA killing all of the passengers on the plane around 40 people. The attack was from Bin Laden's terrorist group al Qaeda. The U.S. then upped security.