-
Pascaline
Blaise Pascal (mathematician) invented the Pascaline, it only performed addition (never worked) -
Stepped Reckener
Stepped Reckener (Leibniz) first add, subtract, multiply, divide & square roots (malfunctioned parts – ahead of it’s time) -
Babbage
Difference Engine (Babbage) Made for Navigation ships (lost at sea) – never built but led to Analytical Engine -
Period: to
Ada Byron
(Countess of Lovelace) – first programmer & stated no computer no matter how powerful could ever think which is still true today -
Analytical Engine
Analytical Engine – followed programs on punched cards (still do today) & designed to make decisions based on programs (larger of 2 nums) – never built but model for today -
ENIAC
made for WWII trajectory of shells but finished after war was over
Solved problem that team of mathematicians needed three days in twenty seconds!
30 tons & 1500 sq ft (average home) -
EDVAC
(Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was one of the earliest electronic computers. Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal, and was a stored program computer. -
Transistor
invented to make computers smaller and less expensive -
EDSAC
Electronic delay storage automatic calculator (EDSAC) was an early British computer. Inspired by John von Neumann's seminal First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, the machine was constructed by Maurice Wilkes and his team at the University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory in England. -
UNIVAC
used stored program concept correctly & first computer language (C-10) with first keyboard
Sold to Census Bureau in 1951
Still large and expensive – only large corporations & government could afford
1000 calculations per second -
Machine Language
0’s & 1’s is the only language that a computer understands (low-level)
Written directly to address hardware
Very complex & tedious -
Assembly language
(also low-level) with names to represent machine language
Must be translated to machine (assembled) -
Period: to
Bill Gates
Created a BASIC language interpreter (1975)
Founded Microsoft (1977)
Developed MS-DOS for PCs and Windows -
IBM Model 650
first medium-sized computer
Still expensive for corporations/government only
Smaller & Cheaper than anything before
Punched cards replaced by magnetic tape -
Integrated Circuits (ICs) or Computer Chips
Replaced transistors
Fastest; Millions of calculations per second
Silicon etched with intricate circuits -
IBM System 360
one of first computers with circuits
Difficulty keeping up with demand
Cheaper so hospitals & universities could afford -
ABC
(first electronic computer) used binary number system of 1s and 0s still used today (wasn’t recognized until the 1990s)
