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Jan 1, 1500
Fur Trade
This, one of the earliest industries created in the New World, started as an exchange between Natives and the newcomers where fur was exchanged for tools and weapons. They fur trade was very prosperous from the 1500s when it started to the 1800s after fur became less valuable.This represented the shaping of American culture as a trading gruop and it depicted the way relations were between Naatives and Americans. -
Sep 1, 1553
Calavanists
A barnch of protestant that followed the teachings and princaples of John Calvin. -
Slavery
Slavery was first used in America in the colonys. Slaves were not payed and rarely got time off. They were often abused and misttreated buy employers -
Triangle trade route
A route that brought slaves to america, sent sugar, tabacco, and cotton and Europe, and sent textile sand rum to Africa -
Separatists
The Separatists were English Protestants who did not want to be associated with the Church of England. One Separatist group, the Pilgrims, founded Plymouth Plantation and went on to found other settlements in Rhode Island and elsewhere in New England. Other notable separatist groups included the Quakers and Baptists. -
Monarchists and Absolustists
The belief that goverments power should come from a single person and consent of the governed. -
Congreationalists
Puritans who wanted change in the chirch of England -
Salem Witch Trials
Witch trials in New England that killed and jailed 130 on charges of witchcraft because of religion, economic status, and gender. -
Great Awakening
A wave of religous revialismm throughout the colonies by Methodist preacher George Whitefield and Jonathoan Edwards a congreationalist minister. -
Sextant
An instrument used for navigation that has and ar of 60 degrees used for telling the distance between objects. -
Indentured Servitude
People who buy their passage to the New World in return they would work for an employer for a fixed term of years. Employers often lengthened the year to scam the servents out of work -
Evangelism
A southern based religion preached about how terrible Hell so one would become more religious and not want to go to Hell. George Whitefield helped spread these ideas -
Enlightenment
A belief started in Europe that is very philisophical and believed that rationalism should come over emotionalism or being spirtual -
Poor Richard's Almanack
A book by Ben Franklin that started as a preiodical later published as a book contained with intellectual humor and wisdom. -
Mercantalism
A bellief that a balance between trade and regulaiton of currency would create economicc power -
Anti British Setiment
Colonists start to feel anger toward the British after the Seven Year War and their lack of responsibility. -
Sons of Liberty
An group of male American colonists that formed thoughout the colonies. This was a secret society formed to protest the Britishs involvment in in America -
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
A book filled with a series of Essays by John Dickinson a lawyer and legislator telling colonists to go against the townsend act. -
minutemen
A colonist militia who were known for being ready in a minute's notice they fought afainst red coats leading up to and during the revolutionary war. -
Common Sense
A series of pamphlets published into a book by Thomas Paine that told colonist to fight agianst England. -
Loyalists
American colonists who were loyal to England during the American revolution. -
Patriots
Colonist whom rebeled against redcoats and England and wanted American freedom -
Federalists
People in favor of ratification of the constitution, and a strong central government. -
Anti-Federalists
People oppoosed to a strong central government, and like the articles of confederation and a bill of rights but not the constituion. -
Federalist Papers
A series of essays and articles writeen anomysly by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. They wanted to radify the constitution -
Textile Mills
The first textile factory was developed by Samuel Slater in 1790. Since then, up to the Civil War, there were over 2 million spindles were develped. Soon after the War of 1812, a new form of manufacture by the Boston Manufacturing Company, was created. Production facilities were built in Massachusetts and young unmarried females from New England colony were hired. This marked a cultural change because it altered the way in which clothing was produced, and it offered different jobs to women. -
The Great Awakening
This was a Christian religious revival that started in the 1790s and gained popularity during the 1800s. During this time, church membership rose and congregations stressed topics such as Romanticism, emotion, enthusiasm, and an appeal to the super-natural. -
The Cottin Gin
Eli Whitney, the man credited with the development of the cotton gin in 1793, grew up on a fm and later went to Yale College. After graduating he went South where he got an invitation to stay on a plantation. With tobacco profit of in decline, they turned to cotton as another the next cash crop. He didn’t like the laborious process of separated the cotton from the seeds so he started working on a project that could make this work less tedious. He eventually became successful in 1793 when he crea -
Power Loom
A machine used for weaving and helped make textiles faster increasing production and industrilization -
Era of good feelings
1815 to 1825 the time period Monroe was president when America was prosperous times beside the sectionalism and and overdeveloped econmy. -
The Anerican Tempeerance Society
The American Temperance Society as created in Moston and became very popular among northerners who were for the abolition of slavery, women’s rights groups, and many other liberal structures. They later pressed for the complete prohibition of alcohol other than just having voluntary abstinence. -
Railroads
The creation of locomotives decreased the cost of shipping by 60%. Just like the Industrial Revolution itself, railroads were first made in Great Britain and later came to America in 1828 when the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad began the age where the development of railroads became a very important part to Americans society. Not very long after, many different companies such as the South Carolina Canal and Railroad company, and the first transitional railroad was finished in 1869. -
American anti slavery society
This was an abolitionist society formed by William Garrison and lead by Frederick Douglass, William Brown and many other backs who have experienced the effects of slavery. Though they were met with violent opposition, and often times came into conflicts with women’s rights activist, they grew grew quickly in the north and by 1838, there were about 250,000 members. Though the leaders of the group had different opinions on how to approach their issues, they survived until 1870, condemning slavery. -
The Female Moral Reform Society
This group was established in 1834 by Lydia Finney tried to stop prostitution in NY during the 1800s. This showed the continued fear of what was deemed as immoral in American society, and the continued efforts by many to uphold the moral values of the Pilgrims and Puritans. -
The Gold Rush
This event is one of the most important events that depicts how over 300,000 Americans (and many others who came from all over the world to make up the America we know today) desire for riches, lead them to many extremes. The American gold rush started because James Marshall found gold flakes on the bank of the American river. Rumors soon spread and forty-niners (because the year was 1849) from all over, came risking their lives, living in poor conditions to find gold. -
black codes
Laws passed in southern states that black had to abide by. They restricted freedom and caused them to be in the lower class. They still were not seen as equal. -
Labor Unions
Labor Unions were a large part of the gilded age because of the creation of monopolys. Labor unions were a way for workers to have a voice against large company and be able to rally and strike. Though many disliked the gorups because they were associated with violence. Many wealthy buisness owners did their best to prevent their employees from joing them even banning them from labor unions. These unions cause some companys to adjust wages and work hours and other things they choose to ignore. -
The New Woman
The new woman were seen more than previously both in public and in the way they dressed they showed more skin. Women who wore blouses long skirts and had confidence, capability, athleticness, and flirtatious were known as gibson girls. Gibson girl was the barbie of this time modelled to be the perfect woman during this period. They were interested in entertainment and had a sense of rebellion compared to the previous generation. A gap was created between being a prostitute and being abstinent. -
Social Activitys
During the 1880's many immigrants and other lower class people found social activitys as something to do after work for fun. Some of these activitys included dance halls, amusment parks, bars, biking, and profestional sports. These were all seen as a cheap past times that entertained many. -
Christianizing
In continuing with their christian culture, Americans felt the need to go out and spread the news about God to the people who didn’t know about their faith. They exercise this freedom by going out to immigrants and even overseas (such as the Philippines) to educate them in the ways of christianity. -
National American Woman Suffrage Association
This group was formed in 1890 and was a result of the two women's group--the NWSA and the AWSA. These groups, thought they had the same general goal of providing more freedom for women, were two separate groups formed in the 1860s because they couldn’t decide on a strategy. The NAWSA group combined with their approach and successfully got the 19th amendment passed which gave women the right to vote. This shows the cultural trend of American women and their ability to unite their efforts got acco -
Impact of media through yellow Journalism
Americans have always been a media culture, but in the imperialist age, Media started to have even a greater effect on people. This was done through Yellow Journalism which was developed by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer who exaggerated world affairs to make them seem as having a bigger impact than they actually did. -
Anti-Imperialism
Many Americans in the era of imperialisms stuck to their cultural beliefs that America should not get involved in the fight for colonizing and that caused them to have different opinions from others in that time period. They stuck with the Monroe Doctrine that was passed on December 2, 1823 and the belief that the constitution forbids us from taking part in such activities. -
Muckrakers
Muckrakers were journalist during the progressive era that broke important story in politics & business and social injustices.Theodore Roosevelt is credited for first using this term in 1906. One muckrakers include Jacob Riis who photographed the lives of the lower class. Another was Florence Kelley who fought for miniumun, shorter days, and banning sweatshops. Ida B Wells was a sufragist & civil rights leader during this time. Both W.E.B. DuBois & Booker T. Washington were civil rights leaders. -
Taylorism
Taylorism also known as scientific management is making a process such as factory work and make it work so it would be at 100% efficiency. This data is found through experiments from different ways about going about a task until one is found that is both effective and fast. -
Birth Control and Sex Education
Margart SangerThe movement to make birth control and sex education more available was growing. This movement was started by Margaret Sanger. She started the movement after her mother died after having 11 children. She didn't think that it was fair for her mother that she kept getting pregnant despite her not wanting to , and it eventually taking her life. When she started, it was not very accepted. She also was not able to send out information in the mail to further her cause so that too created a problem. -
Lost Generation
The lost generation refers both to WWI veterans that returned from Europe as well as Authors during this time period. The veterans were refered to this because of their lost of inocence and many came back traumatized and with PTSD. The authors were called this because of their storys of corruption and the past. These authors included F Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemmingway. -
The Great Migration
This was the movement of about 6 million blacks from the south up to the north. This took place primarily during WW1 when jobs were readily available. They moved north to work in factories and to escape hard times in the south. Because of the move to the north, some whites started to feel threatened and felt as though their jobs and social status was being treated. Due to this, it lead to violent behaviors which included the Chicago riots. -
Harlem Renaissance
This was a movement that took place during the 1920's and ended in the middle of the 30's in Harlem New York. It was time of culture change among the African American community it was an explosion of creativity which included new poets, artist, musicians, and photographers. This contributed to the jazz age and the rise of popularity in Jazz music among both whites and blacks. Some of the famous people during this time included Langston Hughes, Duke Ellington, and Nella Larsen. -
Prohibition
A time (1919-1933) when it was made illegal to sell, manufacture, transport, or store alcohol by the eighteenth amendment passed during Woodrow Wilson's presidency. -
Red Scare
The time after WWI when many feared communism because of the Russian revolution. Because of the fear of anarchist and communism in the U.S. many where deported for their radical ideas or wrongly convicted of speak against the U.S. through the Espionage Act. -
Mass Culture
For the first time in American history, people were all doing the same thing. Blacks, whites, immigrants--they all lived their lives very similarly, participation in the same activities, especially in cities. Many people were going to the movies, buying the same goods, listening to the asm music, doing the same dance etc. -
Celebrities
People during the 1920s started to idolise more celebrities. Writers such as F. Scott Fitzgerald, the poet Charles Lindbergh, baseball player Babe Ruth, Henry Ford, cartoonist Walt disney and many others became famous. Especially with the increase in technological advancements, people were able to hear more about them. -
Women
The way that women were dressing, acting and living their lives was very different than previous. They started cutting their hair in bob-style haircuts, wearing shorter dresses, and cloche hats. Even their role in society started to change. They started to go to school and pursue different careers before getting married, women such as Helen Moody started to play professional soccer. Women started going out on dates and just having casual relations with the opposite sex without thinking about ge -
Advertisements
Ads started to become more popular during the roaring 20s. With the growth of businesses, hence the growth of competitions, companies resorted persuading their customers to buy their products. During this time--due to ads and especially due to people being in better financial states-- Americans were buying more stuff than ever before. Refrigerators, more effective oven, more affordable cars, among others, became very popular during the 20s. -
Speakeasies
Picture showing speakeasySpeakeasies became very popular after prohibition was passed. These were bars that sold alcohol illegally to people during the time when the production, manufacture and sale of alcohol was illegal. These started seeing a more mixed population --of women and blacks (with women’s new freedom and becoming more modernized, and blacks experiencing the Harlem Renaissance. -
New Woman
Women in the 1920s were among the crowd who were caught up in the changes in the roaring 20s. There were changes made in the fashion industry, to women’s roles, to the amount of women education attending college and many other aspects of American society. -
Jazz Age
The jazz age was a movement during the Harlem Renaissance of music and dance among Americans especially African Americans. This style of music and dance was seen among whites and older Americans as tasteless and immoral. -
KKK
During the 20's the KKK membership peaked with over 4 million members. The increase in membership was seen because of the communist revolution and civil rights leaders such as Marcus Garvey. -
Entertainment
This era saw a big boom in the entertainment field. People were spending their day at the theater watching silent films (people were able to enjoy the first set of sound films later in the 1920s). Families started to gather around to listen to the radio and looking at magazines such as the Reader’s Digest--1921. The Jazz age, popularity of pole sitting etc. also allowed more ways for people to be entertained. -
Movie
Movies during this time began to have more of a plot and developed characters as well as talking which was new too movies right now. This also meant that there was an increase in pop culture and celebrity interest among Americans. -
Crimes and Deaths
A huge wave of depression swept over Americans when they found that they will never see any of the money that they invested in the stock market and in banks. Many people lost their life savings and didn’t know how they were going to take care of themselves and families without money. Because of the heartbreaking facts, many people started stealing, becoming prostitutes etc. to take care of their families. Some even too it to the extremes to take their own lives. -
Higher Education
Because of the expense of higher education many college watched their population dwindled significantly to only the elite who could afford it. -
Watching Movies
despite the shortage of finances, many people still managed to find the money to afford tickets for films. The radio also flourished as Americans were looking for outlets to their minds off the stress of the depression. -
Smoking and drinking
With the pressure that the great depression put on so many people, they resorted back to drinking and smoking. Especially after prohibition was repealed on the 5th of December. Because buying cigars was too expensive for many men, so many tried cheaper alternatives. -
Migration to cities
With about 25% of the work force out of a job, and farmers complaining about the amount of money they were being paid for their crops and the dust bowl that made the lands unfarmable, many people left their homes to go to cities in search of better jobs. -
2nd red scare
A fear of communism after world war two because of McCarthyism and other exageritations of communism in the U.S. -
Women in the workforce
Between 1940 and 1945 the women in the workforce increased 10%. Many of these jobs were manual labor and in factorys. This is how women got their riverter term and used in the propganda Rosie the Riverter. -
Womens Army Corps
The womens army corp was created in 1942 and was an auxiliary unit. Women in this unit received full army benefits. They did job such as air traffic control, radio operator, and electricians. -
Double V Campaign
This campaign fought for the rights of African-Americans becuase segrigation and discrimination were at its highest. The V stands for victory at home and abroad. -
Congress of Racial Equality
C.O.R.E. was founded in 1942 and is nonviolent civil rights orginization. They created the double V campaign. -
Women Appointed for Volunteer Emergency Service
A nacy service for women Milfred McAfree was sworn in as Naval Reserve Lieutnent Commander and the director of WAVES -
Women’s Airforce Service Pilots
A womend aviation orginization created because of a shortage of pilots this was created so men could be free to fight in combat in the war. -
Baby Boom
The time 1946 throught 1964 when many women had lots of children mainly caused because of moving to the suburbs -
The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care
This book was written by Dr. Spock as the baby boom generation started to have children. It gave advice on parenting and how to raise a child. -
Beatniks
People whol lived alternative lifestyles to the typical conformists of this time. They are seen as the precursor to the Hippies and usually wre found in New York and California. They did untypical things for the time suchc as attenfing poetry readings -
White flights
A term referring to familys and you couples moving to the suburbs and starting a family. Most of the people doing this were white men and women who were moderatley religous and conservative. -
Suburbia
A term used to describe the suburbs in America when many moved there during the 1950's -
Rock and Roll
A type of music that startedin the 1950s that the older generation dislike but young teens like it for the beat and something to dance too. Rock and roll a mix of black rthym and blues and country. It mainly included guitar, bass, and drums, and vocals. It revolutionized the music and dance industry. -
Sun Belt
An area in the south and west were it is warm that increased in population during the 50s many older people moved their for low taxes and hisgh climate. -
Third world
This term refers to developing countrys coined int 50s many began to adress the underdevelopment in these countrys and tried to help through the Peace Corps -
Color TV
The 50s is when the first in home colored tv were for sale and wre thousands of dollars -
The "Pill"
This form of birth control first became legal as a conraception pill. It was very contrversal many conservatives disaproved of it. -
Hippies
A part of the counter culture that started in the 60s. Younge people of the U.S. all about peace, drugs, love, and liberalism. -
SNCC
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee has a very large role in the civil right movement and held sit ins -
LSD
A drug that became popular in the 60's that many hippies took. It caused hallucinations, differen thinking, and emotions different then to when not on drugs. -
Peace Corps
A group established by John F Kennedy. This group promoted peace and went to 3rd world countrys to teach English build wells and other good deeds -
Dove
People against the war in vietnam these people were usually hippies, young adults, or liberals. -
Hawks
People for the war in vietnam these people were usually more consevative. -
Silent Spring
A book written by Rachel Carson about petcides and the harm they don the enviorment and other harms against enviorment. This opened many peoples eyes and legislation was paced anf programs were formed to help the enviorment. -
Femine Mystique
Betty Friedan is the author of the book Feminine Mystique. The book is about woman and finding there themselves outside of traditional housewife duty's. She found that she was unfilled by just being a housewife and mother and she wanted more and found that other women felt similarly. She also founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) and began a feminist movement. -
Freedom Summer
A movement in Mississippi to register African American voters a state notoriously known for preventing them to vote. -
Head Start
A program passed by LBJ that helped children of low income familys get education and other help over the summer -
Haight Ashbury
An area in California where many hippies went to just be themselves and do drugs and other things frowned upon. -
Elvis Presely
A famous pioneer in rock and roll known for his song jailhouse rock. The older generation disliked him for dancing since it was seen as provacative and scandalous. -
Gay Liberation
Groups of gay activists that challenged the traditional values of the U.S.after the Stonewall riots which discriminated agianst gays simply because of their sexual orientation. -
Woodstock
A music festival in New York where nearly 500,000 people many hippies attended and Jimi Hendrix, The Who, The Band, Janis Joplin, Johnny Winter, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Jefferson Airplane, Ten Years After, Joan Baez, Santana, Joe Cocker, and Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young played. -
Earth Day
This event was created in Nelson’s era after concerns were raised about the environment after an oil spill in Santa Barbara, California in 1960. It was initially created to focus on educating the public about the environment and how to keep it safe. The first set of Earth Day events were held on April 20 at various Universities where about 20 million people came in attendance to talk about the environment and ways to protect it. -
Hippies
The 1960s saw a new counterculture consisting of young people who decided they didn't want the traditional American way of life, and believed in making love not war. They made San Francisco their gathering place where they often partook in very controversial activities. Not only were they known for their practice of exploring drugs and their sexuality, but they were also famous for the brightly colored, unique clothing,and their stand against the Vietnam War.
