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Nov 9, 1500
The first occupants
-The first occupants had many different ways of expressing their cultural beliefs.
-They expressed their spirituality through shamanism, myths and legends as well as dreamcatchers.
-They had certain social relationships and unwritten rules. Some of them were: Freedom of actions, respect for elders and lastly tradition.
-The first occupants also had a lot of respect for nature. They
believed that all living things had a soul. -
Collège des Jésuites
-The Collège des Jésuites was founded in 1635. It was thanks to a personal donation of a french nobleman. Boys from the Quebec nobel elite attended the school.
-Only a few hundred Canadians finished their secondary education over the period of that century. Certain factors explain this:
Many wars with the Amerindians and the British.
Canadian families had very limited finances.
There were not any interesting opportunities beyond the
priesthood. -
Royal Government
-In 1663, the king ended the monopoly of companies because it was destroying the colony. It was therefore the end of mercantilism.
-The royal government now put in structure in New France. -
Anticlericalism
-Opposed to the influence and activities of the clergy or the church in secular or public affairs.
-Oppostion to ultramontanism.
-Promotion of a much more democratic regime. -
Neoliberalism
-New wave of liberalism.
-It is a hands off government.
-Advocating the removal of the state in many spheres of society.
-There is an active opposition who wants to maintain the intervention of the government. -
Aboriginalism
-Claims for ancestral rights and the recognition of aborigina identity through tradition culture (writing, music, language or education). -
Government intervention
-In the 17th and 18th century in New France, the majority of people were illiterate. Only the member of the elite and many artisans knew how to read and write.
-As of 1727, government intervention was very little. Therefore, no real Canadian literature developped during this period. -
Imperialism
-The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries.
-It is the mother country dicating to the colony on what to do. -
Ultramontanism
-In favour of the church running everything.
-Favour enhancing the power as well as the authority of the pope.
-Absolute obedience to the Catholic religion.
-Church wants to increase and extend its influence in all spheres of life. Social, politicial and cultural. -
Capitalism
-An economic system.
-Invenstment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by the private individuals or corporations. -
Liberalism
-A philosophy that advocates the freedom of an individual.
-Diffusion of liberal ideas by newspapers.
-Development of parliamentarism. -
Americanism
-The emergence of American cultural trends.
-For example:
Media
Dance
Music
Film
Radio
Television -
Feminism
-Feminism is movement that fight for political, economic, cultural, personal and social rights for women.
-Women had a hard life.
-They were forced to do as their husband commanded.
-They had long days at work. Some at home and some in factories.
-They contained very few rights. They did not have the right of vote.
-Durring WWI, women started to have more rights.
-They were working in factories and started working as nurses.
-Now, women are considered as equals in our society. -
Nationalism
-When you support your country(not your mother country).
-Devotion to ones nation and its interests over those of all other nations.
-French canadian nationalism:
Did not want to support Britain and wanted to protect French interest.
-English Canadian nationalism:
Liked the English way and wanted to support Britain. Although, they wanted Canada to operate indipendently. -
Fascism
-The idea that a dictator should control a whole country.
-Usually, they rule threw the use of propaganda.
-As an example, Hitler was a dictator. -
92 resolutions
-The Legislative Assembly of Loew Canada sent the British government their 92 resolutions.
-It included the demand for a responsible government. -
Responsible government
-In 1848, the United Kingdom granted ministerial responsibility. In other words, they granted to their North American colonies a responsible government. -
Catholicism
-The influence of the Catholic religion on Culture.
-People did what the church wanted and if not, they were to be excommunicated.
-Excommunication meant that you were not able tot alk or trade with anyone. -
French Canadian extremists-fascism
-During the 1930's, many French Canadians formed extremist groups and were inspired by the ideologies of Mussolini and Hitler.
-They founded a fascist political party, which attracted several hundreds of supporters. -
The influence of americanism
-During the 1950's, the influence of American culture led to important changes in mentality.
-Many progressive ideas rose, especially in intellectual cicles, among the working class and as well in oublic opinion. -
Government changes
-Between 1960 and 1980, the Québe government went through the transformation of its education, health and social services sectors.
-They became secular and accessible to all citizens.
-As well, certain laws were passed that recognized the legal rights of women and workers. -
Bill 101
-Since Bill 101 was adopted in 1977, education in French has become mandatory for all children who live in Quebec, unless at least one of their parents were educated in English at a Canadian elementary school.
-Children of immigrant families must therefore attend school in
French.
