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Land Ordinance of 1785
In 1785 the Continental Congress passed a law that created townships. In each township land was set aside for a local school. The nations founders saw this as a way to incorporate education and the principles of democracy throughout the western territory. The enactment of this provided a place for children to be educated outside the home and put the responsibility on the community and not just on the parents. -
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References
A Chronology of Federal Law and Policy Impacting Language
Minority Students compiled by
the Texas Education Agency. Retrieved from: colorincolorado.org
Chinese Immigration and the Chinese in the United States. Retrieved from:
http://www.archives.gov/research/chinese-americans/guide.html Cremin, A. (2017) Horace Mann: American Educator Information and image retrieved
from: britannica.com -
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References
Lancastrian Society Retrieved from: constitution.org/lanc/monitorial.htm A Project of Southern Poverty Law Center. (Spring 2004). 25. Retrieved
from: www.tolerance.org/magazine/brown-v-board Image: blackpast.org/littlerockcrisis1957 The Original Federal Land Grant Program Center on Education Policy Retrieved from :
https://www.cep-dc.org/cfcontent_file.cfm? Sandifer, A. and Dishong, B. School for Freed People. Image and Information retrieved
from: ncpedia.org -
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References
Smith-Hughes Act. Library of Congress. Image and information retrieved from: loc.gov Timeline of School Integration in the U.S | Teaching Tolerance ...
Retrieved from:www.tolerance.org/supplement/timeline-school-integration-us
picture retrieved from: slideshare.net What is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act? | DO-IT Retrieved from:
www.washington.edu/doit/what-individuals-disabilities-education- act -
New York Public School Society
The society formed of wealthy businessmen who wanted to provide and education for the less fortunate. The schools were run using the "Lancasterian" model. One master taught up to one hundred students. The older ones were taught a lesson and then they would teach it to the younger students. -
Massachusetts Law Passes in 1827 for Free Public Education
In 1827 Massachusetts passes a law for public education for all students free of charge. The term "all students" meant for all white students. -
Creation of Uniform Curriculum
In1837 the Massachusetts State Board of Education was created and Horace Mann became the leader. He was an educational reformer that supervised a statewide common school system that provided a uniform curriculum. With the implementation of uniform curriculum schools were able to spend more time teaching and less time trying to figure out what needed to be taught and he students were all being exposed to the same information. -
The First Schools For Freed People
Vincent Colyer was an Army Chaplain put in charge of the freed slaves during the Civil War. He knew that they would need an education to become a contributing member of society. In 1863 he established the first school for freed people in North Carolina on Roanoke Island. The school was taught by volunteer soldiers. Students of all ages attended. This is a major turning point in history as now not just white people are being educated. -
The U. S. Supreme Court Requires California to Educate Chinese Immigrants
In 1905 the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in the case of the United States v. Ju Toy, that the state of California would have to provide a public education to all children of Chinese immigrants. This was a good thing in theory as the they were getting an education but ended up going to segregated schools. -
Segregated Schools are inherently Unequal
In 1954 in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools are not equal and will be abolished. And in 1957 after a federal court orders integration of an Arkansas school the governor of the state, Orval Faubus, send in the National Guard to keep African American Students from attending. President Eisenhower sends federal troops to enforce the law. The significance of this event is that it is the beginning of schools integration. -
Bilingual Education Act
In 1968 the Bilingual Education Act, Title VII was passed. Federal policy establishes bilingual education for students who are economically disadvantaged, allocates funds for programs, and recognizes the unique disadvantages faced by non-English speaking students. -
Implementation of Section 504
In 1973 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act is passed. It prohibits schools from discriminating against students with mental or physical impairments that are not covered under the IDEA umbrella. This allows children the accommodations they need to be successful in a classroom. -
Education of Handicapped Children Act
In 1975 the Education of Handicapped Children Act was passed to make sure that children with disabilities are provided a free and public education. In 1990 the name was changed to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA, as amendments were made to it. In 1997 and again in 2004 additional amendments were made to ensure equal access to education. Providing an education to all children regardless of ability level is detrimental to society.
