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LA CRISIS DEL 98
La crisis del 98 representa el comienzo de la propia crisis del sistema de la
Restauración. Mientras Europa vive un largo período de paz y de desarrollo
económico, una España atrasada y aislada internacionalmente no va a ser
capaz de contener el irresistible empuje del imperialismo norteamericano. A
consecuencia de la pérdida de nuestras últimas colonias, España vivirá una de
las más graves crisis de conciencia de su historia: la crisis del 98. -
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NAZISMO
Nazismo es la contracción de la voz alemana Nationalsozialismus, que significa nacionalsocialismo, y hace referencia a todo lo relacionado con la ideología y el régimen que gobernó Alemania de 1933 a 1945 con la llegada al poder del Partido Nacionalsocialista Obrero Alemán de Adolf Hitler, el autoproclamado Tercer Reich y los demás territorios que lo conformaron —Sudetes, Memel, Danzig. La Alemania de este período se conoce como la Alemania Nazi. -
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LA ITALIA FASCISTA
Se denomina fascista al período de la historia de Italia en la cual dicho país europeo fue gobernado por un régimen sustentado en la ideología del fascismo, surgida tras la Primera Guerra Mundial.
Su líder fue Benito Mussolini, el cual se opuso a la democracia y al comunismo. Otros rasgos del fascismo italiano fueron: El culto a la violencia, existencia de un partido único, control estatal de la economía, etc. -
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LA DICTADURA DE PRIMO DE RIVERA
La dictadura de Primo de Rivera fue el régimen político que hubo en España desde el golpe de Estado del capitán general de Cataluña, Miguel Primo de Rivera, el 13 de septiembre de 1923, hasta la dimisión de éste el 28 de enero de 1930 y su sustitución por la «dictablanda» del general Berenguer. -
Marcha sobre Roma
La marcha sobre Roma (en italiano, Marcia su Roma) fue una marcha con destino Roma organizada por Benito Mussolini, entonces dirigente del Partido Nacional Fascista, entre el 27 y el 29 de octubre de 1922, que lo llevó al poder italiano. -
Mein Kampf
Mi lucha es el primer libro escrito por Adolf Hitler, combinando elementos autobiográficos con una exposición de ideas propias de la ideología política del nacionalsocialismo. Lo escribió en la cárcel. -
Mijail Gorbachov
Is a Russian and former Soviet politician. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He was the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and as President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991). -
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LA GUERRA CIVIL
La guerra civil española, o guerra de España, fue un conflicto social, político y bélico —que más tarde repercutiría también en una crisis económica— que se desencadenó en España tras el fracaso parcial del golpe de Estado del 17 y 18 de julio de 1936 llevado a cabo por una parte del Ejército contra el gobierno de la Segunda República. Concluiría el 1 de abril de 1939 con la dictadura de Francisco Franco -
Holocausto
Se conoce, según la terminología nazi, como «solución final» —en alemán, Endlösung— de la «cuestión judía», al genocidio étnico, político y religioso de los judíos que tuvo lugar en Europa durante el transcurso de la Segunda Guerra Mundial bajo el régimen de la Alemania nazi. Los asesinatos tuvieron lugar a lo largo de todos los territorios ocupados por Alemania en Europa. -
ONU
La Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), o simplemente las Naciones Unidas (NN. UU.), es la mayor organización internacional existente. Se define como una asociación de gobierno global que facilita la cooperación en asuntos como el Derecho internacional, la paz y seguridad internacional, el desarrollo económico y social, los asuntos humanitarios y los derechos humanos. -
Hiroshima y Nagasaki
Fueron ataques nucleares ordenados por Harry S. Truman, presidente de los Estados Unidos, contra el Imperio del Japón. Los ataques se efectuaron el 6 y el 9 de agosto de 1945, respectivamente, lo que contribuyó, junto con la Guerra soviético-japonesa, a la rendición de Japón y el fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. -
Juicios de Nurembeg
Fueron un conjunto de procesos jurisdiccionales emprendidos por iniciativa de las naciones aliadas vencedoras al final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en los que se determinaron y sancionaron las responsabilidades de dirigentes, funcionarios y colaboradores del régimen nacionalsocialista de Adolf Hitler en los diferentes crímenes y abusos contra la humanidad cometidos en nombre del Tercer Imperio Alemán. -
Benito Mussolini
Was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF). He ruled Italy as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943; he constitutionally led the country until 1925, when he dropped the pretense of democracy and established a dictatorship. -
Adolf Hitler
Was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. -
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GUERRA FRIA
La Guerra Fría fue un enfrentamiento político, económico, social, militar, informativo, científico y deportivo iniciado al finalizar la Segunda Guerra Mundial entre el llamado bloque Occidental (occidental-capitalista) liderado por Estados Unidos, y el bloque del Este (oriental-comunista) liderado por la Unión Soviética. -
George Bush
Is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. -
Bill Clinton
Is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the presidency, he was the Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, and again from 1983 to 1992. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideologically a New Democrat and many of his policies reflected a centrist "Third Way" political philosophy. -
Doctrina Truman
La Doctrina Truman fue una medida creada por los Estados Unidos que pretendía dar apoyo a "pueblos libres que están resistiendo los intentos de subyugación por minorías armadas o por presiones exteriores" -
Mahatma Gandhi
was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "high-souled", "venerable")[4]—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa[5]—is now used worldwide. -
Plan Marshall
El Plan Marshall —oficialmente llamado European Recovery Program, ERP— fue una iniciativa de Estados Unidos para ayudar a Europa Occidental, en la que los estadounidenses dieron ayudas económicas por valor de unos 13 000 millones de dólares de la época1 para la reconstrucción de aquellos países de Europa devastados tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial. -
OTAN
La Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte u OTAN.constituye un sistema de defensa colectiva, en la cual los Estados miembros acuerdan defender a cualquiera de sus miembros si son atacados por una facción externa. -
COMECON
El Consejo de Ayuda Mutua Económica fue una organización de cooperación económica formada en torno a la URSS por diversos países socialistas cuyos objetivos eran el fomento de las relaciones comerciales entre los estados miembros, en un intento de contrarrestar a los organismos económicos internacionales de economía capitalista. -
Barack Obama
Is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009 to January 20, 2017. The first African American to assume the presidency, he was previously the junior United States Senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008. Before that, he served in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 until 2004. -
John Kennedy
Was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union. A member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy represented the state of Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president. -
Winston Churchill
Was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. -
Charle de Gaulle
Was a French general and statesman who led the French Resistance against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to reestablish democracy in France. In 1958, he came out of retirement when appointed Prime Minister of France by President René Coty. -
Nikita Kruschev
Was a Soviet statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union. -
Franquismo
Franquismo es el término empleado para referirse al periodo histórico de dictadura que surgió en España tras la Guerra Civil que como consecuencia del golpe de Estado dirigido por Emilio Mola en julio de 1936 derrocó al gobierno de la Segunda República, haciéndose prevalecer hasta la muerte del dictador de esta, Francisco Franco, el 20 de noviembre de 1975 y que continuó hasta la autodisolución de las Cortes franquistas. -
Mao Zedong
Was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism. -
Yasser Arafat
Was a Palestinian political leader. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004 and President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004.
Ideologically an Arab nationalist, he was a founding member of the Fatah political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004. -
Ronald Reagan
Was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975. -
Sadam Hussein
Was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Party—which espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism—Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup (later referred to as the 17 July Revolution) that brought the party to power in Iraq. -
Boris Yeltsin
Was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999. Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. During the late 1980s, Yeltsin had been a candidate member of the Politburo, and in late 1987 tendered a letter of resignation in protest. -
Osama Bin Laden
was a founder of al-Qaeda, the organization responsible for the September 11 attacks in the United States and many other mass-casualty attacks worldwide. He was a Saudi Arabian until 1994 (stateless thereafter), a member of the wealthy bin Laden family, and an ethnic Yemeni Kindite. -
Nelson Mandela
Was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. -
Fidel Castro
Was a Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008. Politically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, Castro also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state, while industry and business were nationalized and state socialist reforms were implemented throughout society.
