-
1st Stage- Trust vs. Mistrust
John and Jessica, who are married, decide to have their first child(Jacob) and will provide him with every support and need that he will ever need to be successful and content in his life. In Erikson's first stage- Trust vs. Mistrust- the child will either show signs of trust and hope if nurtured and cared for properly, or will lead to the development of fear if the environment and supports are poor or non-existent. -
2nd Stage- Autonomy vs. Shame
Jacob(3) is beginning to show his desire for independence and increased control. In Erikson's 2nd stage-Autonomy vs. Shame- the crises is how to encourage Jacob without being overbearing and completing tasks for them instead of letting them attempt to learn independently. A supported child will work towards independence and will gain confidence in their own ability to manage in the world. If a child is heavily controlled/criticized it may lead to being dependent on others and lower self-esteem. -
4th Stage- Industry vs. Inferiority
Jacob(12) resides in a small Texas town that lives for prep football. Jacob aspires to be a football star but lacks any natural ability. However, his parents and peers are supportive which encourages Jacob to work hard regardless of ability. In Erikson's 4th stage-Industry vs. Inferiority- confidence and competence are gained when a child is encouraged in their initiative. Alternatively, a feeling of inferiority will develop in children who are not proficient in their directed initiative.