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Period: to
Events that shaped Australia today
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Captain Cook finds Australia - Economical
• On the 6th of May 1770 Captain James Cook discovered Australia. • English navigator, possibly the best explorer of 18th century.• Cook and the Endeavour left Plymouth on Aug. 26, 1768. The Endeavour also carried an astronomer, two botanists, and artists.• Endeavour travelled around Madeira, Canary, and Cape Verde islands and Rio de Janeiro and went around Cape Horn and into the pacific ocean• James Cook rediscovered New Zealand, which was originally discovered by Abel Tasman in 1642• The -
Merino sheep introduced into Australia - Economical
• The first sheep came to Australia with the First Fleet in 1770.• In 1797 Captains Waterhouse and Kent arrived at the Cape of Good Hope from Port Jackson, intending to return with cattle.• Governor Phillip had obtained them from the Cape of Good Hope on the voyage to the new colony. -
First Fleet - Social
• The First Fleet left England on 13th May 1787 Australia, stopping at many places on the way down: Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town and more, where they collected more food for the convicts and crew on board. The fleet arrived at Botany Bay between 18th and 20th January 1788 -
Matthew Flinders circumnavigates Australia - Social
• Matthew was the first person to circumnavigate Australia• He went on his travels with George Bass. • They explored the coast of Sydney in a tiny open boat that was about 2.5metres long called the Tom Thumb • He then convinced that the Governer should send out a bigger boat with more men. • He finally went around all of Australia when he left in 1802 and arrived back in Sydney in June 1803 -
Australia's first bank
• Governer Macquarie who was not happy with the way money was being used formed Australia’s first bank in 1817.• It was called the Bank of New South Wales• It was made so that there would be a consistent currency with bank notes -
New Holland chaged to Australia
• In 1817, Governor of New South Wales, Lachlan Macquarie recommends that New Holland be changed to Australia• In 1824, the British admiralty officially changes the name of New Holland to Australia• Australia was the name that Matthew Flinders used to call New South Wales -
First Sydney Herald ever published - Economical
• The first issue was printed in 1831 • Only 4 pages long • Only cost 7d and there was only 750 copies printed • It was founded by Alfred Ward Stephens, Frederick Stokes and William McGarvie • 10 years after it first being published John Fairfax took control of the paper and it started his families 149 year long control over the paper -
Melbourne founded
• Melbourne was founded in 1835 when there was a bid to have a settlement inside the Port Phillip Bay• In June of 1835 John Batman (the founder of Melbourne) ‘purchased’ the land of the local Aborigines• The first township of Melbourne was built on the banks of the Yarra River. -
Australia's first university founded - Social
The birth of the University of Sydney in 1850 didn’t follow the traditions of Britain’s ancient universities by letting students in on academic merit rather than on the basis of religion or social class. -
Gold Rush - Econmical
• Gold rush started in 1851• When Edward Hammond Hargraves found a deposit of gold near Bathurst, New South Wales.• Gold was also found at Warrandyte in Victoria and Ballarat • The gold rush started attracting people from all over the world boosting Australia's economy -
Melbourne to Sydeny electric telegraph - Economical
1854 is when the telegraph network started in Victoria and in Australia. The telegraph network made possible widespread and immediate distribution of information. Before the telegraph, the shortest time for sending information over long distances was governed by the greatest speed of a human, an animal, a bird, a ship, or a train. -
Eureka Stockade - Social
• Rebellion against the law that required all gold diggers to own a gold license.• We swear by the Southern Cross to stand truly by each other and fight to defend our rights and liberties." This was the oath taken by hundreds of gold diggers at ballarat in 1854• The rebellion was led by Peter Lalor -
First AFL game - Social and Economical
• 1858 was when the first AFL game was played• It was against Scotch college and Melbourne Grammar Wills• It was played in Victoria and after 4 or 5 seasons they started marking out boundaries with flags and the players started wearing different colours to show who was on each team -
Royal Australian Navy founded - Social
• 1859, Australia was named as a separate British Naval station until 1913 when the Australian unit broke off and was paid for and controlled by the Australian Commonwealth and then was manned by all Australian personnel. • In 1909 it was decided that the Australian naval unit consist of at least one battle cruiser, 3 second class cruisers, 6 destroyers, 3 submarines and a number of others. -
Burke and Wills - Social
• Robert O’Hara Burke and William John Wills left Menindee near Broken Hill to trek from south to north.• Of the 16 men that left only one man survived.• They left on the 20th of August, 1860• The exploration did not go to plan and each member died from heat exhaustion, thirst and starvation. -
Copper first found - Economical
• Copper was first found by Patrick Ryan in 1861• He was looking after sheep when he discovered copper• The Tiparra Mineral Association renamed the place where it was found the Moonta Mining Company• It was found in South Australia -
The stolen generation - Social
• In 1869 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are taken from their families to make Australia “pure”• It is estimated that about 100,000 indigenous children were taken from their families• It affected every aboriginal or torres strait islander family in the country -
First Melbourne cup
• Since 1877, Cup Day has been a public holiday for Melbourne, and crowds have flocked to the track. By 11.00 am on the first holiday, the Flemington grandstand was packed to its 7,000 capacity, and by 3.00 pm,• It's a day when the nation stops whatever it's doing to listen to the race call, or watch the race on TV. Even those who don't usually bet, try their luck with a small wager or entry into a 'sweep' - a lottery in which each ticket-holder is matched with a randomly drawn horse. -
First cargo of frozen meat carried successfully to London - Economical
• Ship landed 1st of Feb 1880• Captain was Andrew McIlwraith who organized and fitted out a ship with a freezing plant.• The ships name was Strathleven• It was the first successful shipment of frozen meat from Australia to London• McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co was the company of the ship -
Ned Kelly hung and why - Social
• He was arrested for receiving a stolen horse and given 3 years hard labour even though he didn’t know the horse was stolen• When he was released he got together with his step father and made the Kelly gang. • In 1878 a policeofficer came to their house to supposedly arrest Dan Kelly but instead he assalted Kate Kelly. The Kelly gang murdered 3 policemen because of this and stole from banks they used this money to manufacture his armour. • After a few more crimes he was caught and was hung a -
Australian women allowed ot bote as well as sit in parliament - Political
• In 1894 south Australian women were granted the vote followed by Western Australia in 1899 and then NSW in 1902. Victorian women were the last to be granted the vote in the year 1908• Women were first allowed to vote on the 1903 election and were not allowed to be elected on the parliament until after the first world war -
Boer War - Social
• South Africans attacked British colonies as they thought that they were trying to take over the country.• It started in the Cape colony• It is said that approx. 16,000 Australian soldiers fought in the war• Approx. 282 Australians died in action or from injuries• 1899-1902 -
First federal ministry - Political
• As of 1st of January 1901, the ministry was as follows: Edmund Barton, Alfred Deakin, Sir William Lyne, Sir George Turner, Charles Kingston, Sir James Dickson, Sir James Forrest, Richard E O’Connor and Elliott Lewis. -
First federal flag design - Political
• The federal government held a competition for people to design the new flag for australia the prize was 200 pounds.• The competition had 32, 823 • The winner wasn’t picked by the government, it was sent to the King in England to decide and approve the flag design for Australia. -
Australia federation forms commonwealth of Australia - Political
• The 1891 Constitutional Convention agreed that before proceeding with Federation, the Constitution for governing the new nation should have 'the approval of the people'. The intention to seek this approval through referendums was established at the Corowa people's convention in 1893. In 1901 the federation was passed. -
First act of Australian parliament - Political
• First meeting was 12pm 9th of May 1901 at the Exhibition building in Melbourne (it was the formal opening of Parliament)• That afternoon members of the Senate and of the House of Representatives met in the Victorian State Parliament House in Spring Street Melbourne for the first session of federal Parliament. -
Australian capital decided - Political
• The search for a site for the national capital took place in 1902-1908. Forty districts were proposed, 23 of these were looked at and the choice was narrowed to seven. Albury, Bombala, Lake George, Lyndhurst, Tumut, Dalgety and Yass-Canberra were all looked at to see which had the best position according to climate etc. Finally in 1908 the Yass-Canberra area was selected and 2368 km2 were set aside as the Australian Capital Territory, with access to the sea at Jervis Bay. -
Who sat on the first high bench of High Court of Australia
• The first sitting of the High Court took place in Melbourne on 6 October 1903. The Bench was made up of three people who had been prominent in the federal movement. They were:• The Chief Justice, former premier and former Chief Justice of Queensland.• Sir Edmund Barton, the first Prime Minister of Australia and leader of the constitutional conventions, which led to Australia becoming a federation in 1901. -
First powered aeroplane flight of an aeroplane bulit and designed in Australia - Social
• On July 16th, 1910 John Duigan flew the first powered, controlled aeroplane flight in Australia at his family property in Kyneton, Victoria• The aeroplane that he flew was built and designed in Australia -
World War 1 - Social
• 1914-1918• 4th August Europe joined the war (1914)• 25th April - 19th and 20th December- Gallipoli campaign (1915)• ANZACs fight on the western front (1916-18)• Armistice is signed (November 1918)• Also known as the great war• ANZACs arrived on the 25th of April and were evacuated on the 19th and 20th of December• About 300,000 Australians served