Basic employee training 1

Evolution of the Training Profession

By Cassandra Brown

  • World War II -Systematic Training

    U.S. government instigated training programs. Systematic training; train-the trainer (J) programs; management training; foundation of ISD Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development. ASTD. 2006. Designing learning. Module 1 of the ASTD Learning System. Alexandria, VA.

  • ASTD Formed

    In 1942, American Society of Training Directors (ASTD) formed during a meeting of the American Petroleum Institute in New Orleans, Louisiana. The development of leadership in the training function determined the need for management development programs (Estep, 2008). Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria, VA: ASTD. Retrieved from http://www.search.proquest.com/docview/896136449?accountid=35812

  • Individualized/Programmed Instruction

    Individualized/Programmed Instruction
    Business wanted to train their workers but at the same time lower the costs of training and increase its efficiency. Programmed instruction (chunking subject matter): Bloom's taxonomy; Kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluaton; B. F. Skinner; behaviorism; motivation theory; Emergence of the idea of involving top management in training. Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD Image : Plato ( computer system) ( 1979-80)
    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Plato_ist2_terminal.jpg

  • The Computer-based Training

    Individualized instruction is automated through teaching machines - computer-based training. HPI/HPT; OD; Mager's model for training objectives; teaching machines; John Piaget's cognitive development; cognitivism; Richard Beckhard coins the term organization devlopment.. Organization development is formed which is a values-based approach to systems change in organizations and communities. Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD

  • The Case study Method

    The Case study Method
    Sociotechnical-systems theory developed; sensitivity training/laboratory method (Chris Argyris); Malcolm Knowles's The Adult Learner (andragogy); Gagne's nine events of instruction (behaviorism); Jerome Bruner (constructivism) ; feminism; environmentalism; the gay rights movement Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD. image Empirical Research retrieved from: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Empirical_Cycle.svg/2000px-Empirical_Cycle.svg.png

  • Assertiveness Training

    Assertiveness training; cost-benefit analysis; electronic workstations and laptops; cross-cultural training; competency-based training; large numbers of women enter the workforce; global economic competition; globalization Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD

  • E-Learning

    E-learning allowed greater accessibility to trainin gby minimizing costs for travel to training, time off of work to attend, and facilities; the learning enterprise, learning organizations Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD

  • Present

    Behaviorism continues to have a strong influence on learning. New models of instructional design has evolved. Measurement in the field of training and development is stronger. Just-in-time learning; m-learning; skills gap; certification; rapid proliferation of new technologies; games, MP3 players, Web 2.0; collaborative learning; knowledge management systems Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD