Permian

Geological Timescale

By Yuxin Dai

  • Precambrian Time 4600 MA

    Precambrian Time 4600 MA
    -The presence of stomatolites indicated that shallow seas covered much of Earth during intervals in this period
    -Trilobite appear
  • Period: to

    Yuxin Dai--Period 1

    Geological Timescale

  • Cambrian 542 MA

    Cambrian 542 MA
    -Nearly half of the valuable mineral deposites in the world occur in the rockes of this period
    -Shelled brachiopods appear

  • Ordovician 488 MA

    Ordovician 488 MA
    -There is very little plant life during this period
    -Colonies of tiny invertebrates call graptolites florishe and vertebrattes appearm Fish did not have jaws or teeth and their bodies were covered with bony plates

  • Silurian 444 MA

    Silurian 444 MA
    -Eurypterids (sea scorpions), sea stars and coral become more common
    -Vascular land plants and animals, such as scorpions begin to evolve on land

  • Devonian 416 MA

    Devonian 416 MA
    -Huge plants begin to develop, early amphibians form
    -Age of Fishes, fish that can breath out of the water and spend time on land form

  • Mississippian Period 359 MA

    Mississippian Period 359 MA
    -Swamps and forests cover the land
    -Early reptiles resembling large lizards appear

  • Pennsylvanian Period 318 MA

    Pennsylvanian Period 318 MA
    -Giant cockroaches appear
    -Coal deposits form

  • Permian 299 MA

    Permian 299 MA
    -Appalachian Mountains are created because of the collision of tectonic plates & savanna form
    -Environmental change causes mass extinction of sea invertebrates (trilobites & eurypterids) as the seas retreat

  • Triassic 251 MA

    Triassic 251 MA
    -Welcome to the world of the Dinosaur! Enter the squirrel sized dinosaur & the first forest dwelling mammals appear
    -Ichthyosaurs are living in the ocean, new invertebrates call ammonite develop

  • Jurassic 200 MA

    Jurassic 200 MA
    -Flying reptiles called pterosaurs are in the air now
    -Whoa those dinos are getting big & dominate the land - Lizard-hipped and bird-hipped appear - carnivores and herbivores have arrived

  • Cretaceous 146 MA

    Cretaceous 146 MA
    -First flowering plants appear - angiosperm
    -Impact hypothesis - dinosaur mass extinction

  • Paleocene 65.5 MA

    Paleocene 65.5 MA
    -First primates evolve
    -Small rodents evolve

  • Eocene 55.8 MA

    Eocene 55.8 MA
    -Flying squirrels, whales and bats appear
    -World wide temperatures drop about 4 degrees celsius (39.2 degrees fahrenheit)

  • Oligocene 33.9 MA

    Oligocene 33.9 MA
    -Himalayas develop due to uplifting caused by the Indian subcontinent and Eurasion continents clliding
    -Many early mammal become extinct, clams and snails flourish

  • Miocene 23.0 MA

    Miocene 23.0 MA
    -Antarctic icecaps begin to form
    -Mediterranean Sea dries up and refills several times due to tectonic forces and dropping sea levels

  • Pliocene 5.3 MA

    Pliocene 5.3 MA
    -Various species migrated between continents across land bridges
    -First modern horses appear

  • Pleistocene 1.8 MA

    Pleistocene 1.8 MA
    -Homosapien (modern humans) appeared & are hunters
    -Species that did not evolve to survive extreme cold moved to warmer climate areas or became extinct (dire wolf giant ground sloth )

  • Holocene 0.0115 MA

    Holocene 0.0115 MA
    -The last glacial period ended and sea levels rose, Great Lakes formed
    -Modern human developed agriculture and used tools made of bronze and iron

  • Anthropocene Current date

    Anthropocene Current date
    -Some scientists believe that human kind has caused mass extinctions of plant and animal species, polluted the oceans and altered the atmosphere
    -There is argument as to when this epoch began, some scientist think it began with the industrial age in the early 1800's other think it began with the atomic age in the 1950'savannahsC