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Jan 1, 1000
Archaic
Throughout this period humans began to change and adopt lifestyles. This is the second oldest known culture in North America. -
Jan 1, 1000
Woodland
The Early Woodland was marked by a continuation of most of the innivations. The Middle Woodland was a time of social change. The Late Woodland is the most misundrestood part of Georgia History. -
Jan 1, 1000
Paleo
Paleoindians are the oldest known culture in North America. Its the time period of when humans first came to North America. -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to
Mississppian
The Early Mississippian is when the first cheifdoms developed in the state. In the Middle Mississippian subperiod, the large chiefdom takes the most landscape. The Late Mississippian subperiod, the large chiefdoms broke into smaller cheifdoms. -
Mar 1, 1540
Hernando de Soto
De Soto's ships saw the west coast, naer Tampa Florida. He and his men spent the winter of 1539-40 in territory of the Applachee. March 3 1540, Hernando and his men left the Apalachee. By the end of the day they were nearly just inside the south border of Georgia. -
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John Reynolds
John Reynolds is a captain in the Britsh royal navy. He was Georgia's first govrnor. -
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James Wright
James Wright was the 3rd/last governor of Georgia. Wright played his role in retaring the flame of the revolution in Georgia. -
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Henry Ellis
Henry Ellis is the 2nd royal governor. From 1750 until 1755 he carried slaves from Africa to Jamaica. The 1st royal governor failed as administer and Georgia had no self-government under the Trustee. -
Georgia Founded
Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe. ames was given permission by King George II to create this new colony which he named Georgia. -
Charter of 1732
The Charter of 1732 was signed by King George II. Georgia became a Trustee colony after he signed it. -
Salzburgers Arrive
The Georgia Salzburgers ar a group of German-speaking protestant.King George II and the Georgia Trustee gane the group support. -
Highland Scots Arrive
The Highland Scots created their own little town which they nmed Darien. The Highland Scots were invaluable to the colonist. -
University of Georgia Founded
The University of Georgia was founded in 1785 by Abraham Baldwin. The legislature's approvel of the charter is what made UGA the first university established by a state government. -
Capitlal moved to Louisville
Louisville was Georgia's third capital. The capital was moved from Augusta to Louisville in 1786. The commission was ordered to purchase 1000 acers for the capital. -
Yazoo Land Fraud
Governor George Mathews signed the Yazoo Act. This act transferred 35 million acers to four companies for $500,000. -
Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin
Eli first came to Georgia in 1795, when cotton first came to Georgia's major market crop. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was an effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted. -
Worcester V Georgia
In the court case Worcester v. Georgia, the U.S. Supreme Court held in 1832 that the Cherokee Indians
Samuel Worcester, a missionary, defied Georgia through peaceful means to protest the state's handling of Cherokee lands. He was arrested several times as a result. With a team of lawyers, Worcester filed a lawsuit against the state that went all the way to the Supreme Court, where he finally won his case. -
Dahlonega Gold Rush
The river bottoms were very attractive places to search for gold; miners drifted flatboats into the Chestatee rivers and dug up rich sand and gravel. More people moved into the gold region and towns began to grow, money became available for investment in vein, or hard-rock, mining. -
Trail of Tears
The U.S. Army drove the Cherokees northwestward to Indian Territory during the bitterly cold winter of 1838-39.One-fifth of the entire Cherokee population died on the journey. -
Compromise of 1850
Divisions over slavery in territory gained in the Mexican-American . War were resolved in the Compromise of 1850. It consisted of laws admitting California as a free state, creating Utah and New Mexico territories with the question of slavery -
Georgia Platform
The November elections for the special convention to be held in December 1850 demonstrated an overwhelming support for the pro-Union position in Georgia. Of the 264 delegates to the convention, 240 were Unionists. In a 5 day session the convention drafted an official response to the tensions threatening the Union. Only 19 delegates voted against the Georgia Platform. -
Herny McNeal Turner
Turner was a pioneering church organizer and missionary for the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Georgia, later rising to the rank of bishop. Turner was also an active politician and Reconstruction-era state legislator from Macon. Later in life, he became an outspoken advocate of back-to-Africa emigration. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebrask Act was a bill that mandated “popular sovereignty”–allowing settlers of a territory to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new state’s borders. -
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Tom Watson and the Populists
Watson became one of the foremost trial lawyers in Georgia, he was drawn to local politics. He discovered that the support of the black voting population was necessary to win. Once in office he supported the destruction of the state's convict lease system, favored taxes to support public education, and championed the needs of poor farmers and sharecroppers of both races. -
Dred Scott Case
In one of the most controversial events preceding the American Civil War, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford. The case had been brought before the court by Dred Scott, a slave who had lived with his owner in a free state before returning to Missouri. -
Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln is elected the 16th president of the U.S.A over a deeply divided Democratic Party, becoming the first Republican to win the presidency. Following Lincoln's election, activists in South Carolina quickly moved to follow through on earler threats to leave the Union. -
Battle of Antietam
Generals Robert E. Lee and George McClellan faced off near Antietam creek in Sharpsburg, Maryland, in the the first battle of the American Civil War to be fought on northern soil. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln personally found the practice of slavery abhorrent, he knew that neither Northerners nor the residents of the border slave states would support abolition as a war aim. But by mid-1862, as thousands of slaves fled to join the invading Northern armies, Lincoln was convinced that abolition had become a sound military strategy, as well as the morally correct path. -
Union Blockade of Georgia
The Union Montauk and several wooden gunboats pounded the fort for several hours, again with little result. Similar engagements occurred on February 1, 27, and 28. Another bombardment of the fort three days later again produced minimal results. These repeated repulsions of the Union navy by Confederate troops in Fort McAllister accomplished little for the Northern cause but heartened the Confederate troops, as well as the citizens of Savannah. -
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Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg, is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War. After a great victory over Union forces at Chancellorsville, General Robert E. Lee marched his Army of Northern Virginia into Pennsylvania in late June 1863. On July 1, the advancing Confederates clashed with the Union’s Army of the Potomac, commanded by General George G. Meade, at the crossroads town of Gettysburg.On July 3, Lee ordered an attack by fewer than 15,000 troops. -
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Battle of Chickamauga
Braxton Bragg’s Army of Tennessee defeated a Union force commanded by General William Rosecrans in the Battle of Chickamauga, during the American Civil War. After Rosecrans’ troops pushed the Confederates out of Chattanooga early that month, Bragg called for reinforcements and launched a counterattack on the banks of nearby Chickamauga Creek. Over two days of battle, the rebels forced Rosecrans to give way, with heavy losses on both sides. -
Sherman's Atlanta Campaign
In the summer of 1864, Union General William T. Sherman faced off against Confederate generals Joseph E. Johnston and John B. Hood in a series of battles in northern Georgia. Sherman’s goal was to destroy the Army of the Tennessee, capture Atlanta and shut off vital Confederate supply lines. While Sherman failed to destroy his enemy, he was able to force the surrender of Atlanta in September 1864,boosting Northern morale and greatly improving President Abraham Lincoln’s re-election bid. -
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Sherman's March to the Sea
From November 15 until December 21, 1864, Union General William T. Sherman led some 60,000 soldiers on a 285-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia. The purpose of this “March to the Sea” was to frighten Georgia’s civilian population into abandoning the Confederate cause. Sherman’s soldiers did not destroy any of the towns in their path, but they stole food and livestock and burned the houses and barns of people who tried to fight back. -
Freedman's Bureau
Some 4 million slaves gained their freedom as a result of the Union victory in the war, which left many communities in ruins and destroyed the South’s plantation-based economy. The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, housing and medical aid, established schools and offered legal assistance. It also attempted to settle former slaves on Confederate lands confiscated or abandoned during the war. However, the bureau was prevented from fully carrying out caues of white southerner. -
Andersonville Prison Camp
Andersonville, Georgia, served as the site of a large Confederate military prison. The prison at Andersonville, officially called Camp Sumter, was the South’s largest prison for captured Union soldiers and known for its unhealthy conditions and high death rate. In all, approximately 13,000 Union prisoners perished at Andersonville, and following the war its commander, Captain Henry Wirz was tried, convicted and executed for war crimes. -
Thirteenth Amendment
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution officially abolished slavery in America, and was ratified on December 6, 1865, after the conclusion of the American Civil War. The amendment states: “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime where the party shall has been convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” -
Fourtennth Amendment
The 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves who had been emancipated after the American Civil War, including them under the umbrella phrase “all persons born or naturalized in the United States.” In all, the amendment comprises five sections, four of which began in 1866 as separate proposals that stalled in legislative process and were added into a single amendment. -
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican Party’s Reconstruction-era policies aimed at establishing political and economic equality for blacks. After a period of decline, white nativist groups revived the Klan in the early 20th century, burning crosses and staging rallies, parades and marches denouncing immigrants, Catholics, Jews, blacks and organized labor. -
Fifteenth Amendment
This amendment granting African-American men the right to vote.Passed by Congress the year before, the amendment reads: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” Despite the amendment, various discriminatory practices were used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote, especially in the South. -
International Cotton Exposition
Atlanta held its first exposition, named the International Cotton Exposition, in Oglethorpe Park. The city then had fewer than 40,000 residents, and the primary sense in which the first The International Cotton Exposition buildings in Atlanta's Oglethorpe Park consisted of a central building and several wings. The central building was devoted to textile-manufacturing displays while the wings showcased other southern products, including sugar, rice, and tobacco. -
Booker T. Washington
In 1881, Washington founded the Tuskegee Institute, a black school in Alabama devoted to training teachers. He was also behind the formation of the National Negro Business League 20 years later, and he served as an adviser to Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. -
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William B. Hartsfield
William B. Hartsfield was a man of humble origins who became one of the greatest mayors of Atlanta.
He served as mayor of Atlanta for six terms longer than any other person in the city's history. He is credited with developing Atlanta into an aviation powerhouse and with building its image & quote "The City Too Busy to Hate." Hartsfield held office during a critical period when the color line separating the races began to change and the city grew. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
This 1896 U.S. Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. It stemmed from an 1892 incident in which African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law. Rejecting Plessy’s argument that his constitutional rights were violated, the Court ruled that a state law that “implies merely a legal distinction” between whites and blacks didn't conflict with the 13th and14th Amendments. -
WEB DuBois
William Edward Burghardt “W. E. B.” Du Bois was a leading African-American sociologist, writer and activist. Educated at Harvard University and other top schools, Du Bois studied with some of the most important social thinkers of his time. He earned fame for the publication of such works as Souls of Black Folk (, and was a founding officer of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and editor of its magazine. -
Alonzo Herndon
An African American barber and entrepreneur, Alonzo Herndon was founder and president of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, one of the most successful black-owned insurance businesses in the nation. At the time of his death in 1927, he was also Atlanta's wealthiest black citizen, owning more property than any other African American. -
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1906 Atlanta Riot
During the Atlanta race riot that occurred September 22-24, 1906, white mobs killed dozens of blacks, wounded scores of others, and inflicted considerable property damage. Local newspaper reports of alleged assaults by black males on white females were the catalyst for the riot, but a number of underlying causes lay behind the outbreak of the mob violence. -
Agriculture Adjustment Act
Small local organizations calling themselves "farm bureaus" began forming as early as 1911. With the proliferation of such organizations, state-level farm bureaus were formed as early as 1915. In 1919 these state-level organizations affiliated nationally as the AFB. From its earliest years the AFB's primary goal was political advocacy on behalf of farmers. Later the state and national organizations added member services, ranging from cooperative marketing to life insurance. -
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Ivan Allen Jr.
Ivan Allen Jr. served as mayor of Atlanta. He is credited with leading the city through a peirod of significant physical and economic growth and with maintaining calm during the civil rights movement. While other southern cities experienced recurring violence, Atlanta leaders, led in part by Mayor Allen, were able to broker more peaceful paths to integration. -
Leo Frank Case
On April 26, 1913, Mary Phagan, the child of tenant farmers who had moved to Atlanta for financial gain, went to the pencil factory to pick up her $1.20 pay for the twelve hours she had worked that week. Leo Frank, the superintendent of the factory, paid her. He was the last person to acknowledge having seen Phagan alive. In the middle of the night the factory watchman found her bruised and bloodied body in the cellar and called the police. He commuted the sentence, however, to life imprisonment -
John and Lugenia Hope
John was one of the leaders in Atlanta's black community during the early 1900s. Hope served as president of both Morehouse College and Atlanta University, and Lugenia Burns Hope founded Atlanta's Neighborhood Union.Hope was an important African American educator and race leader of the early twentieth century. In 1906 he became the first black president of Morehouse College—the alma mater of Martin Luther King Jr.—in Atlanta. -
County Unit System
The county unit system was established in 1917 when the Georgia legislature, while dominated by the Democratic Party, passed the Neill Primary Act. This act formalized what had operated as an informal system, instituted in Georgia in 1898, of allotting votes by county in party primary elections. -
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World War I
Georgia played a significant role during America's participation in World War I. The state was home to more training camps than any other state and, by the war's end, it had contributed more than 100,000 men and women to the war effort. Georgia also suffered from the effects of the influenza pandemic, a maritime disaster, local political fights, and wartime homefront restrictions. -
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Great Depression
The beginning of the Great Depression can be traced to the stock market crash of Tuesday, October 29, 1929. The depression's immediate impact on Georgia was much like that throughout the nation as a whole. Bank failures were common, and in small towns and communities opportunities for loans dried up. First, the state experienced its worst drought on record in 1930-31. As the depression wore on, the defects and negative trends of cash-crop agriculture became magnified. -
Eugene Depression
A controversial and colorful politician, Eugene Talmadge played a leading role in the state's politics from 1926 to 1946. During his three terms as state commissioner of agriculture and three terms as governor, his personality and actions polarized voters into Talmadge and anti-Talmadge factions in the state's one-party politics of that era. He was elected to a fourth term as the state's chief executive in 1946 but died before taking office. -
Rural Elecctrification
President Roosevelt signed the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. He directly attributed this legislation to a 1924 visit to Georgia for treatment of his polio at Warm Springs. Staying at a small cottage, Roosevelt couldn’t believe it when he saw his first month’s power bill. Residents of Warm Springs were being charged approximately four times the rate per kilowatt-hour as charged in New York. -
Civilan Conservation Crops
Formed in March 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corps, CCC, was one of the first New Deal programs. It was a public works project intended to promote environmental conservation and to build good citizens through vigorous, disciplined outdoor labor. Close to the heart of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the CCC combined his interests in conservation and universal service for youth. -
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World War 2
Southern states were critical to the war effort during World War 2 and none more so than Georgia. A lot of Georgians served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War 2, and countless others found employment in burgeoning wartime industries. Their experiences were pivotal in determining the state's future development, and the war itself marked a watershed in Georgia's history. Because it occurred when important shifts in the state's politics, race relations, and economy were already under way. -
Pearl Harbor
Japan did a suprise attack on a U.S. base at Pearl Harbor. -
Herman Talmadge
Herman Talmadge, son of Georgia governor Eugene Talmadge, took the governor's office briefly in 1947, and again from 1948 to 1954 In 1956 Talmadge was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he served until his defeat in 1980. -
1964 Governor"s Election
The General Assembly chose Georgia's chief executive. Although former governor Ellis Arnall won a plurality in the Democratic gubernatorial primary, he was forced into a runoff with Lester Maddox. Maddox, who had never held public office, defeated Arnall in a major political upset. Since the rise of one-party politics in the state in the nineteenth century, the general election had been a mere formality. -
Atlanta Falcons
the Atlanta Falcons are the first professional football team in the city of Atlanta and the fifteenth National Football League franchise in existence. -
Atlanta Braves
After spending seventy-seven years in Boston, Massachusetts, and thirteen in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the Braves moved to Atlanta to begin the 1966 major league baseball season.Mayor Ivan Allen Jr. had worked to bring the Braves to Atlanta, threw out the ceremonial first ball. Atlanta had officially joined the exclusive ranks of the nation's major league cities. -
Atlanta Hawks
The Hawks, a National Basketball Association franchise and part of the Eastern Conference's Southeast Division. Playing at Philips Arena in the heart of downtown Atlanta, the Hawks join the Braves and the Falcons as professional sports teams in Georgia. -
Benjamin Mays
Benjamin Mays was a distinguished African American minister, educator, scholar, and social activist. He was also a significant mentor to civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and was among the most articulate and outspoken critics of segregation before the rise of the modern civil rights movement in the United States.
