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Stock Market Crash
Known as black Tuesday, the stock market crash was when investors of the New York stock exchange traded almost 16 million shares in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost and the aftermath was devastating to investors and American workers. The crash played a big part in the great depression that lasted almost 10 years -
Roosevelt 1st Election
In 1932 Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt ran against Republican Herbert Hoover in the presidential election. The election took place during the great depression and the people were looking for someone to get them out of debt. Roosevelt won the election with 42 of the states behind him. -
CCC
The Civilian Conservation Corps was a work program during the Great Depression that gave millions of young men a job working on environmental projects. It was one of Roosevelt’s new deal programs trying to bring the US out of the great depression. The CCC planted more than three billion trees and built trails and shelters in more than 800 parks. -
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It created a guaranteed income for elderly, unemployed and disabled Americans who were struggling to get a job or pay bills. The main purpose of the Social Security Act was so retirees over 65 have financial benefits for the ones who paid there taxes -
FDR Court Packing Scandal
After Franklin Roosevelt won the predicational election he announced a legislative plan to expand the Supreme Court by adding as many as 15 judges. He claimed this would make the court more efficient and it would help his new deal legislation. The Supreme court struck down on the new deal stating it was unconstitutional. -
HUAC Formed
The House Un-American Activities was a committee made up of U.S. House of Representatives that investigated communist activity in the U.S. during the start of the Cold War. By the early 1960s, HUAC was in decline as the cold war tensions decreased -
Germany Breaks Munich Pact
The Munich pact was an agreement with British and French allies and Nazi Germany. The agreement stopped future wars from happening but gave control of Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia to the Germans. Germany didn't obey the agreement, They invited the rest of Czechoslovakia starting World War ll -
Battle of Britain
The Battle of Britain was when Germans attacked British air forces in the skies above the United Kingdom during World War ll. Britain overpowered the Germans and it saved them from a possible ground invasion. This was a turning point in the war for Britain -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii and in December 1941 the base was unexpectedly attacked by Japanese forces. Hundreds of Japanese planes attacked the base where they managed to destroy almost 20 American naval vessels, 8 battleships, and over 300 planes. More than 2,400 Americans lost their lives in the attack including many civilians -
Operation Overlord/D-Day
Operation overload was when supreme court commander Dwight Eisenhower gave the go on a massive invasion. known as D-day was when American, British and Canadian troops invaded 50 miles of beach in the France and Normandy region. -
FDR Dies/Truman President
During his fourth term, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was on vacation in Warm Springs, Georgia. While in his room Roosevelt suffered a massive stroke and died, leaving Vice President Harry S. Truman to be the new president while still fighting the Second World War. As the new leader, Truman took a tougher stance with the soviet union and that raised tensions -
Nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima/Nagasaki
During World War II an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first atomic bomb over Hiroshima a city in Japanese. The bomb destroyed over 90 percent of the city and immediately killed over 80,000 people and killed many later of radiation. Three days later another B-29 dropped a bomb over Nagasaki, killing over 40,000 people. Japan’s Emperor Hirohito announced japans unconditional surrender in World War II after it was dropped fearing another. -
United Nations created
The United Nations was created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, they issued a declaration signed by 26 countries. The organization started right after world war ll and it was meant to stop future wars -
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy was a policy created to counter the Soviet Union during the cold war because the US thought all communist activity came from the Soviets. The policy was meant to stop the geopolitical expansion of the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The US gave Greece and Turkey assistance to help stop the expansion -
Berlin Airlift
After World war ll Berlin was split up into four sections and West Berlin was still inside the Soviet zone. The Soviets had blocked all the highways, railroads and all the exits from west Berlin wanting control by keeping the people inside. U.S. and British pilots begin dropping food and supplies by plane into West Berlin and it began to be known as the Berlin Airlift -
Korean War (beginning and end)
The Korean War war was between North Korea and South Korea. When North Korean soldiers crossed the 38th parallel and invaded the South. Under the United Nations, American troops had to go to South Korea and help defend from the North. After lots of battles and death, neither country made much ground past the 38th parallel and the war slowly came to an end -
Rosenberg Trials
The Rosenberg Trials was held for Ethel and Julius Rosenberg in the New York Southern District federal court. The couple was accused of selling nuclear designs to the Soviet Union. The trial lasted over a month and the Rosenberg couple was sentenced to death row -
Brown v Board
Brown v Board of Education was a Supreme Court case against racial segregation in schools. Justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in schools was unconstitutional. Where Persovosley in public schools black and white children were required to go to a separate school -
BROWN V BOARD II
The Brown v Board of Education made it illegal to segregate by race in public school. With this many white schools chose not to follow, Brown v Board of Education II ordered to integrate schools that were not following and de-segregate them -
VOTING RIGHTS ACT
The Voting Rights Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. It passed so state and local levels could no longer prevent African Americans from voting from ways like a poll tax. These rights should have been guaranteed by the 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution -
Vietnam war (start to end)
The Vietnam war was between South Vietnam and communist government North Vietnam. Anti-communist United States was an ally of South Vietnam, The United States provided many troops for support. The War was made worse with the ongoing Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. More than 3 million people died in the war until finally, President Nixon ordered the withdrawal of United States forces. North forces ended the war by gaining control of the South -
Sputnik
Sputnik was the world’s first artificial satellite launched into orbit. The launching of the satellite was a turning point for major technology and brought the world into the space age. Sputnik weighed 184 pounds and circled the Earth every 1 hour and 36 minutes, traveling at 18,000 miles an hour. Sputnik was created to transmit radio signals back to Earth. -
Greensboro lunch Sit-ins
The Greensboro lunch sit-ins was a civil rights protest where many young African-American activists sat in at a segregated restaurant in Greensboro, North Carolina. They refused to leave after being denied service and even after they were harassed and got food thrown at them. This began a trend in the peaceful civil right protests -
Freedom Rides
The Freedom riders was a group of African American and White civil rights activists fighting for Civil Rights. The group rode on buses throughout the south protesting segregated bus terminals. They also used “whites only” bathrooms and lunch counters at bus stations they visited as a form of peaceful protest. The group went through a lot of physical violence from white protestors and police. -
Berlin Wall
After World war 2 Berlin was split up into sections and the Soviets had control over West Berlin because it was still inside the Soviet zone. The Soviets had government control over West Berlin and they blocked all the highways, railroads inside west Berlin keep the people trapped not being allowed to enter East Berlin until government officials opened it in 1989. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was at the height of the cold war when the US and the Soviet Union had high tensions. The Soviets put nuclear missiles on Cuba that was just 90 miles from the US. This lead to a 13 day military standoff and the US threatened to surround Cuba, many people feared it was the start of a nuclear war. -
KENNEDY SENDS IN FEDERAL TROOPS
The riots in Birmingham help kick off the Civil Rights Movement in the US. After JFK heard about these riots he was forced to send in federal troops to help control it. The government said they will do whatever must be done to keep order in the streets and protect the people -
EQUAL PAY ACT
The Equal Pay Act was a law that prevented gender based wage discrimination in the U.S. It was signed into law by JFK. The law required companies to give equal pay and benefits to men and women that jobs require the same skills and responsibilities. -
BUDDHIST PROTEST
As a form of protest towards President Ngo Dinh Diem. Many Buddhists monk chose to publicly burn themselves to death. Diem was a Catholic who had been opposing the Buddhist monks and denying U.S requests to liberalize his Vietnam government policies that were affecting the Buddhists -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was a massive public protest march led by Martin Luther King, Jr in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The protests were meant to draw attention to the unfair challenges African Americans were still facing. This is also where Martin Luther King said his famous “I Have A Dream” speech. -
NGO DINH DIEM ASSASSINATED
President Ngo Dinh Diem was captured and killed by a group of soldiers in South Vietnam. The death of there president caused a celebration among lots of people in South Vietnam, but it also caused political chaos in their government. The day after his death his government was overthrown by the South Vietnam military -
Assassination of JFK
John F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States. He was one of the first US Presidents to made a major leap forward in the Civil Rights Movement. JFK was assassinated by a sniper rifle while traveling through Dallas Texas in an open convertible while his wife was sitting next to him -
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT
The Civil Rights Act made segregation in any public places illegal, it also banned employment discrimination which made it illegal not to hire someone because of there race, color, religion, sex or national origin. It was one of the biggest legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. -
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Authorized by President Lyndon Johnson, the Gulf of Tonkin resolution was an action taken to stop further unexpected attacks on the United States from North Vietnam. This was after an attack on two U.S. naval destroyers off the coast of Vietnam. The Gulf of Tonkin was the start of United Staes involvement in the Vietnam War. -
Assassination of Malcolm X
Malcolm X was an African American civil rights leader during the fight for civil rights movement. Malcolm was also a minister of the Nation of Islam in Harlem. While addressing his civil rights group for Afro-American Unity Malcolm was assassinated by rival black Muslims at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights. After his death, his ideas still had an impact on the Black Power movement of the late 1960s -
Operation Rolling Thunder
Operation Rolling Thunder was just the codename for the U.S plans for many bombing throughout North Vietnam in the Vietnam War. U.S. military planes bombed many targets in North Vietnam. It was meant to put pressure on North Vietnam’s communist leaders during the war. Operation Rolling Thunder was the first U.S attack on the North Vietnamese -
FIRST MARINES LAND IN DANANG
The very first U.S ground troops arrive in South Vietnam on the beach of the coastal city of Danang. Within two hours of landing on the beach, more supplies started to the land at the at Da Nang airbase. A total of 3,500 Marines were deployed to protect a nearby U.S. airbase also to train South Vietnamese troops for combat -
FIRST MAJOR BATTLE IN THE LA DRANG VALLEY
Ia Drang Valley was the spot of the first major battle in the Vietnam war between just U.S. and North Vietnamese troops. Around noon the North Vietnams 33rd Regiment attacked U.S. troopers. The fight continued all day and into the night until the U.S overpowered them with airstrikes. 834 North Vietnamese soldiers were confirmed killed -
THE BLACK PANTHERS
The Black Panthers, known as the Black Panther Party was a political group created to protest the unfair police brutality against African Americans. Huey Newton and Bobby Seale started the group, they dressed in black pants and black leather jackets and started an armed citizen patrol for Oakland, California. At its peak the group had over 2000 members but declined due to shootouts and tensions with the FBI and police -
MARCH ON THE PENTAGON
In front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington over 100,000 demonstrators including liberals, black nationalists, hippies, professors, women’s groups, and war veterans began to march toward the Pentagon as a peaceful protest. Many waving the red, blue, and gold flag of the Viet Cong protesting the war. Violence started when the demonstrators clashed with U.S. Marshals protecting the Pentagon. -
Tet-offensive
The Tet Offensive was a series of North Vietnam attacks on South Vietnam during the Vietnam war. There were more than 100 attacks on cities and outposts in South Vietnam but U.S. and South Vietnam troops managed to hold off most of the attacks. The Tet-offensive was a turning point in the war and was the start of the U.S withdrawal in the war -
Assassination of MLK
Martin Luther King Jr was a well known civil rights leader, Baptist minister and founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. He had been a leader in the civil rights movement since the early 1950s. MLK was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee by James Earl Ray who was later sent to death. MLK's death led to a lot of outrage among black Americans -
ASSASSINATION OF ROBERT KENNEDY
JFK's brother Robert Kennedy was a lawyer who served as a US senator. Robert was one of the only people in American politics during the civil rights movement that was capable of uniting the people. Seconds after he announced that the country was ready to end its divisions he was shot and killed by Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan. -
woodstock
Woodstock was a three day long peace, love and rock ‘n’ roll Music Festival in upstate New York. 32 music acts performed outdoors with an audience of more than 400,000 people. It was raining most of the concert but it didn't stop them, many people described as hippies stood out in the rain for the full three days. It was one of the biggest concerts of its kind -
Kent State
At Kent State University in Ohio, large crowds gathered to protest the Vietnam War. The protests were beginning to get bigger quick and that's when Ohio National Guard opened fire on protesters. Four Kent State University students were killed and nine others were injured -
LAM SON 719
Operation Lam Son 719 was when South Vietnamese army forces invade southern Laos trying to disrupt the communist supply. The operation was supported by the U.S but they only used their planes and guns from inside the border. They fired at Laos from South Vietnam airbases. It was a short battle as South Vietnam had over 12,000 troops fighting towards the border -
PARIS PEACE ACCORDS SIGNED
The Paris Peace Accords was an agreement between the United States, South Vietnam, Viet Cong, and North Vietnam that finally ended that war and brought peace back to Vietnam. The agreement included a cease-fire throughout Vietnam and the withdrawal of all U.S. troops and advisors which was about 23,700 men. It also included the release of all U.S. and other prisoners of war. -
NIXON STEPS DOWN
President Richard M. Nixon steps down as president and gives his authority to Vice President Gerald R. Ford. Nixon faced almost certain impeachment because of the Watergate scandal where he was charged with misuse of presidential powers. South Vietnam was worried as they had trust in Nixon and they didn't know ford but the cease-fire was continued -
VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL
After almost 20 years of the Vietnam war, the U.S is no longer involved. A long-awaited memorial in finally put in in Washington to honor the 57,939 soldiers who died in the fight. It is a V-shaped black granite wall with the names with the names of all the soldiers who lost their lives. Yale University architecture Maya Lin designed the wall which was put in in 1982 -
Vietnam day
Vietnam day is known as National Vietnam War Veterans Day. Signed into law by President Donald J. Trump as the Vietnam War Veterans Recognition Act of 2017. The act officially recognizes that March 29 will be National Vietnam War Veterans Day, a day to recognize the brave men and woman who fought in the Vietnam War
