Greece, Rome, and Egypt Architecture

Greece, Rome, and Egypt Architecture

Period: 1200 BCE to 400 BCE

Regia Photo Credit: https://www.slideshare.net/ahendry/roman-regia

673 BCE

The Regia was built by Numa Pompilius, and also happens to be the second king of Rome. Regia is short for "royal palace" and it was used as the headquarters for Rome. It holds important information about certain events, people, and even prodigies. The Regia contained two chapels. One was dedicated to the war of God, and the other was dedicated to the goddess of harvest. An interesting fact about the Regia is that they remodeled the building to look like a private residential building.

5 Sources Used

600 BCE

1.https://www.ancient.eu/Greek_Architecture/ 2.https://www.greeka.com/peloponnese/olympia/sightseeing/olympia-temple-zeus/#:~:text=Olympia%20Zeus%20Temple&text=Olympia%20Temple%20of%20Zeus%3A%20The,Games%20were%20at%20their%20peak
3. http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/Parthenon/#:~:text=Work%Athens
4. https://archaeology-travel.com/archaeological-sites/saturnalia-temple-of-saturn-rome/
5.https://www.touropia.com/ancient-roman-monuments/

Temple of Hera Photo Credit:https://mypages.unh.edu/temple-of-hera/home

590 BCE

The Temple of Hera is located North of the sacred precinct and is one of the oldest monumental temples in Greece. This temple was originally dedicated to Zeus, but later dedicated to Hera after the temple of Zeus was built. If it weren't for the Greeks who built this structure the temple would not be standing to this day. The Greeks perfected what type of material should go into making the temple. The temple has been through terrible weather conditions and even withstood several earthquakes.

Old Temple of Athena Photo Credit:https://www.pinterest.com/pin/518336238368358663/

526 BCE

The Old Temple of Athena is located between Older Parthenon and Erechtheion. The temple is dedicated to Athena Polias, who is the protective city deity of Ancient Athens. The inside of the temple included two inner sanctums. One facing towards the East and the other facing towards the West. The temple was also built to remember ceremonial roots that date back to the Bronze Age.

Theatre of Sabratha Photo Credit:https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/184/

500 BCE

The theater of Sabratha was established around 500 BC, and was part of a tri city trade network that was known by the Greeks. The theater supplied Rome with many exotic animals by a trade route that cut through the interior of Africa. The theater of Sabratha was also used to hold trials, and It was estimated to seat about 5,000 people.

Temple of Saturn Photo Credit:https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/temple-of-saturn-40942.html

498 BCE

Completed in 498 BC The Temple of Saturn served as the treasury of the Roman state. However the story behind the building is much bigger. It was named after an agricultural god named Saturn. Saturn was believed to have taught people agriculture and other peaceful skills. He became so well known by the people that they created a Roman festival named after him called Saturnalia. During this festival people stopped working, freed slaves, and gave gifts to each other.

Temple of Aphaia Photo Credit: https://greeklandscapes.com/temple-of-aphaia-aegina-island/

480 BCE

This Temple is also dedicated to the Goddess of Athena, and is located on the island of Aegina. All 32 columns are Doric style, and they still are standing to this day. This temple was built over the ruins of a previous temple. Many of the pieces from the previous temple have made their way inside of the new temple. The people building the temple felt the need to put some color into their creation, so they painted the roof red so it could stand out from all the others.

Temple of Zeus Photo Credit:https://www.greeka.com/attica/athens/sightseeing/athens-olympian-zeus/

471 BCE

Was built in honor of Zeus (god of sky). The Temple of Zeus is a thirteen meter tall hexastyle building which means the there are six columns on both ends of the temple. The exterior of the temple is completely made out of lime stone, and sculptures on the inside were made with Parian marble. An interesting fact behind the making of the temple, was that the two neighboring powers in Olympus had a war and the winner got to build a temple right outside the stadium of Olympia.

Temple of Hephaestus Photo Credit:https://www.greekboston.com/travel/temple-hephaestus-athens/

450 BCE

This temple was dedicated to two different people. The first one is dedicated to Hephaestus, who is the ancient God of fire, and the second one is dedicated to Athena, who is the Goddess of pottery and crafts. The temple has six columns on the front and back, and it has thirteen columns on the left and right side. The temple was designed by a person named Iktinus. Iktinus is a very well known designer, and he helped work on the Parthenon.

Parthenon Photo Credit:https://mymodernmet.com/the-parthenon-greece/

447 BCE

This building is considered "new Parthenon". Old Parthenon was destroyed during the Persian invasion. However The construction and the structure of new Parthenon was very unique. The designer used both Doric and Ionic architectural styles, and he also used a common architectural design in Ancient Greece which is known as octastyle. The octastyle consists of eight large columns on each of the building's sides. The interior on the other hand is very lavish. statues were made with gold and ivory.

Temple of Apollo Sosiano Photo Credit: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/297870962828958742/

431 BCE

This temple is dedicated to Apollo in the Campus Martius (An area in Rome that is publicly owned, and during the Middle Ages it was the most populated). The Temple of Apollo Sosiano was perfectly built facing towards the South, because the designers wanted the temple looking in a different direction than all the other neighboring buildings. It was purposely built next to the Theatre of Marcellus and the Porticus Octaviae.