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Period: to
Colonial Period Education
Was very basic, and also had an underlying religious base. Lower classes had minimal schooling, whereas higher classes had more opportunities for schooling and could even attend in England if desired. http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/ed416/ae1.html -
Northwest Land Ordinance
Land was set aside in every township for a school building. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Northwest-Ordinances -
Secondary Education Movement
MOST IMPORTANT: Starting in the 1820's by the Committee of Ten, they believed that there should be a total of 12 grades, with four years of it being higher education. I think this helped students to understand what their roles and interests in life could be when they were finished. They could go on to college if they wanted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_education_in_the_United_States -
Horace Mann
A man dedicated to major educational reform. Helped with it all through 1820-1839, with the "establishment of normal schools".
http://www.pbs.org/onlyateacher/horace.html -
Period: to
Immigrant Wave
The United States saw a big influx in Immigration during this time, and a big part of it was "The American Dream" and the hope for better education (as part of the World Fair and what they explained education to be in the U.S.). Schools focused on "Americanizing" children. Many U.S. states passed laws that English was the State Language spoken in classrooms. http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/472-education.html -
John Dewey
IMPORTANT: John Dewey wrote a few books (Democracy and Education, Experience and Education, and The Child and The Curriculum). He believed in helping students to realize their full potential and how to live after school. He was big in the progress of social change and reform in education. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey#On_education_and_teacher_education -
Measurement Movement - IQ Testing
Alfred Binet was given the task to find out a way to measure the intelligence of children so that they could find out which children to put in special or individualized education. A large part of this became the IQ Test. He was afraid it would be used in the wrong way (Eugenics). http://edubloxtutor.com/history-iq-test/ -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Filed against Topeka, Kansas School Board of Education in violation of rights. Then appealed to the Supreme Court. It was stated that separate is NOT equal!
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html -
Sputnik
Russians were able to launch a satellite from earth into space. This caused an education reform in America, calling for better teaching in math and science. The President also used fear as a factor for better teaching, commenting that there could be a bomb threat of some kind if the Soviet's could send something to space, they could easily send something to the U.S.
http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/10/how-sputnik-changed-u-s-education/ -
Civil Rights Movement
IMPORTANT: Title VI of the Civil Rights act, which prohibited discrimination against race, color or origin of descent. There was to be no more segregation in schools and white schools had to open their doors to African American students. While this was a good step for the children, this left many, many African American teachers jobless.
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/impact.html -
ESEA
IMPORTANT: This brought the Federal Government more into play within the school system. Before, it was left to the States for regulations regarding education. At the heart of it, was the Title 1, which geared more toward Federal Funding for poor children in school. This is still in effect today and helps many children receive education that may have not otherwise.
http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/04/how-education-policy-went-astray/390210/ -
IDEA
IMPORTANT: Ensures that children with disabilities may also go to public schools and receive an education according to what is appropriate for them. It is designed specifically to help meet the needs of the child in question.
https://www.disability.gov/individuals-disabilities-education-act-idea/ -
Period: to
Standards Movement
After A Nation At Risk, schools tried very hard to show their strengths and were trying to push for higher standards as far as curriculum content as well as graduation requirements. This has introduced more high stakes testing to try to evaluate how well schools are doing.
http://www.sonoma.edu/users/p/phelan/423/standards.html -
A Nation At Risk
Pres. Ronald Reagan announced that our nation was at risk because of the poor quality of education in America. It was also stated that if another nation had imposed this kind of education system on us, we would have viewed it as an act of war, but we had done it to ourselves.
http://neatoday.org/2013/04/25/a-nation-at-risk-turns-30-where-did-it-take-us-2/ -
No Child Left Behind Act
It heightened the role of the Federal Government in holding schools accountable for the education of the their students. Well, it was meant to, at least. Every school failed and had to receive a waiver by the time the Federal Government claimed that the kids should be up to par with their level of learning.
http://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html
