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Education in the Colonial Period
Education was more religious based. Most of the classes were one room with different ages. -
Impact of Jefferson, Rush, and Webster
School equality for everyone. All have the opportunity for education, up to a certain level. -
Northwest Land Ordinance, 1785
The ordinance of Congress called for a public university as part of the settlement and eventual statehood of the Ohio Territory, further stipulating "Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged." -
The Impact of Horace Mann
Mann traveled to every school in the state so he could physically examine each school ground. Mann targeted the public school and its problems -
The Progressive Reform Movement
The progressive reform movement began in the late 1870s with the work of Colonel Francis Parker, but is most identified with John Dewey. These reformers felt that curriculum should be child driven and at the child's present capacity level. To aid in understanding the relationship of curriculum and child, -
The Impact of John Dewey
Dewey’s 1899 book The School and Society is often credited with starting the Progressive Reform Movement. Dewey described curriculum as, "a map, a summary, an arranged and orderly view of previous experiences, serves as a guide to future experience; it gives direction; it facilitates control; it economizes effort, preventing useless wandering, and pointing out the paths which lead most quickly and most certainly to a desired result" -
Committee of Ten
In the United States, by the late 1800s, a desire for educational standardization had manifested across the country. One philosophy designated American high schools as institutions that would divide students into college-bound and working-trades groups from the start; these institutions sometimes further divided students based on race or ethnic background -
Population Growth and Immigration in the 19th century
Population and immigration growth increased, which made education a new important thing to have to help the future of America. Immigrates had more of an impact on the educational system. Children preferred working in factories than going to school. -
The Measurement Movement
Discover if a human had a retardation, which is how the score of an IQ came to be. So our students became a number. The focus was on the students mental state. -
Secondary School Movement
This movement created secondary schools throughout the USA. -
Brown vs. Board of Education, 1954
MOST IMPORTANT: Federal government “forced” implementation of this judicial decision by tying federal funding to the integration of schools. This ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the Civil Rights Movement. Many state ignored the federal government.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education -
Brown vs. Board of Education 1954
MOST IMPORTANT: Federal government enforcing whites and black to have mixed classrooms. Many states ignored the federal government. Blacks didn't want mixed classrooms, but more equality in all supplies in all schools, blacks and whites.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education -
Sputnik and NDEA, 1957-58
Signed on Sept. 2, 1958, providing funding to United States education institutions at all levels. With the release of Sputnik, it created a sense of uneasiness in the USA, with that uneasiness education was pushed for higher/smarter students/citizens. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 1965
MOST IMPORTANT: Passed as a part of United States President Lyndon B. Johnson's "War on Poverty". The act is an extensive statute that funds primary and secondary education.[1] It also emphasizes equal access to education and establishes high standards and accountability.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 1975
MOST IMPORTANT: Ensures students with a disability are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education that is tailored to their individual needs. U.S. public schools accommodated only 1 out of 5 children with disabilities. Signed into law by President George H.W. Bush on October 30, 1990.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individuals_with_Disabilities_Education_Act -
A Nation at Risk Report, 1983
MOST IMPORTANT: Pres. Reagan, focused on the educational system stating that the nations youth was in risk. Which was false as the system was at an all time high. With NARR, educations became more forced by scoring high, ACTs, IQs, etc. Education became a business.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Nation_at_Risk -
School Choice Movement: Charter Schools
Parents were pushing for their power to choose where their students would end up. Even though they might not be in the boundaries, many students were allowed access to these other schools. -
No Child Left Behind
Passed Congress with overwhelming support in 2001 and was signed into law by President George W. Bush on Jan. 8, 2002. It is also the name for the most recent update to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. -
Growth of Standardized Testing
Standardize testing got its growth during and more after NCLB. Now schools were teaching more to the test than to their students. -
ESSA 2015
"With this bill, we reaffirm that fundamentally American ideal—that every child, regardless of race, income, background, the zip code where they live, deserves the chance to make of their lives what they will." — President Barack Obama.
Signed by President Obama on December 10, 2015. For example, today, high school graduation rates are at all-time highs. Dropout rates are at historic lows. And more students are going to college than ever before.
