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Charles IV
Charles IV was King of Spain from 14 December 1788, until his abdication on 19 March 1808. He intended to maintain the policies of his father, and retained his prime minister, the Count of Floridablanca, in office. Although he belived in a powerful absolute monarchy,Charles never took more than a passive part in his own government. The affairs of government were left to his wife, Maria Luisa, and his prime minister, while he occupied himself with hunting. -
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Treaty of San Ildefonso
By the treaty of San Ildefonso and the Treaty of Madrid, 21 March 1801, Spain returned to France the territory of Louisiana which France had ceded to Spain in 1763. "Let the Court of Madrid cede these districts to France," Talleyrand had written, "and from that moment the power of America is bounded by the limit which it may suit the interests and the tranquility of France and Spain to assign here. http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/government/diplomatic/c_ildefonso.html -
Napoleon is Crown as Emperor
Napoleon I was crowned Emperor of the French on a cold December 2 in 1804. Napoleon planed his coronation with as great a care as he did his wars. From now on, Napoleon would hold the majority of the power and take the most important decisions for France. http://www.georgianindex.net/Napoleon/coronation/coronation.html -
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Battle of Trafalgar
In one of the most decisive naval battles in history, a British fleet under Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar, fought off the coast of Spain. Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar ensured that Napoleon would never invade Britain. Nelson, hailed as the savior of his nation, was given a magnificent funeral in St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. A column was erected to his memory in the newly named Trafalgar Square. -
Abdications of Bayonne
The Abdications of Bayonne is the name given to a series of forced abdications of the Kings of Spain that led to the Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814), which overlaps with the Peninsular War. The failed El Escorial Conspiracy preceded the Mutiny of Aranjuez, which forced King Charles IV to abdicate the throne to his son Ferdinand VII in 1808 by order of the Spanish Royal Council. In 1813, Napoleon was forced by the Spanish people to appoint Ferdinand VII as king. -
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Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VII (14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was twice King of Spain: in 1808 and again from 1813 to his death. He was known to his supporters as "the Desired" and to his detractors as the "Felon King". After being overthrown by Napoleon in 1808 he linked his monarchy to counter-revolution and reactionary policies that produced a deep rift in Spain between his forces on the right and liberals on the left. -
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Joseph I
Joseph was born on the island of Corsica, on January 7, 1768, Joseph Bonaparte was the older brother of Napoleon I, emperor of France. During his brother's reign, Joseph was made king of Naples and Sicily (1806–08), and then king of Spain (1808–13). In Spain, people refused to have a foreigner as King, and so they refused to accomplish his demands. After Napoleon's defeat, Joseph moved to the United States, but spent his final years in Europe. He died in Italy in 1844. -
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Joseph I 2
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First Spanish Constitution
On 19 March 1812, Spain’s first constitution (La Pepa) was drawn up in Cadiz, enshrining the rights of Spanish citizens and limiting the power of the monarchy. A group of liberals, who refused to support the king imposed on them by the French occupiers, forms the majority of the deputies, which were the ones who supported the constitution. Although it was not enacted for some years, its influence was considerable, both within peninsular Spain and its territories around the world. -
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Ferdinand VII 2
Ferdinand VII reestablished the absolutist monarchy and rejected the liberal constitution of 1812. He suppressed the liberal press 1814-33 and jailed many of its editors and writers. Under his rule, Spain lost nearly all of its American possessions, and the country entered into civil war on his death. http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/ferdinand-vii-king-spain.html -
Treaty of Fontainebleau
The Treaty of Fontainebleau was signed by those who where the victorious nations of the Battle Leipzig and of the Sixth Coalition War, and Napoleon, on April 11, 1814, in Fontainebleau, France. By this treaty, Napoleon lose his power as ruler of the French Empire, but both him and his wife were allowed to preserve their respective titles as emperor and empress. Nevertheless, all of Napoleon’s family members would not be able to hold the power anymore and
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Riego´s Pronunciamiento
The 1 day of January of year 1820 Riego made a coup d´État in order to promulgate the liberal constitution of 1812. He said that he wouldn´t sacrifice any Spanish live for an ungrateful king and that Spanish people wouldn´t abide orders from such an arrogant king. http://lena-historiaysociedad.blogspot.com.es/2013/01/el-pronunciamiento-de-riego-1-de-enero.html?m=1 -
Cien mil Hijos de San Luis
They were a french army sent to spain in 1823 in order to end up with the Liberal Triennium and restore Fernando VII´s spanish throne. The french king Luis XVIII was the most interested in ending with the spanish liberal stage Riego had set up in 1820. http://www.ocesaronada.net/quien-fueron-los-cien-mil-hijos-de-san-luis/ -
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First Carlist War
The Carlist Wars were a series of civil wars that took place in Spain during the 19th century. The contenders fought to establish their claim to the throne, although some political differences also existed. -The First Carlist War (1833–1840) conflict centered on the Carlist homelands from Northern Spain. http://www.spanishwars.net/19th-century-first-carlist-war.html -
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Isabella II
Isabella II (10 October 1830 – 10 April 1904) was Queen of Spain from 1843 until 1868. She came to the throne as an infant, but her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognize a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. Isabella succeeded in order to set aside the Salic law. After a troubled reign, she was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1868, and formally abdicated in 1870. Her son Alfonso XII became king in 1874. -
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Isabella II 2
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Second Carlist War
The Carlist Wars were a series of civil wars that took place in Spain during the 19th century. The contenders fought to establish their claim to the throne, although some political differences also existed. -The Second Carlist War (1846–1849) was a minor Catalan uprising. The rebels tried to install Carlos VI on the throne. In Galicia, the uprising was on a smaller scale and was put down by General Ramón María Narváez. http://www.spanishwars.net/19th-century-second-carlist-war.html -
Spanish Glorious Revolution
Isabella was in France to sign an alliance with Emperor Napoleon III when Admiral Juan Bautista issued a revolutionary proclamation in Cádiz. Quickly, uprisings ocurred in other cities and liberal generals, such us Juan Prim reentered the country. While Spain boiled in disorder, a provisional government was established, religious orders where abolished and universal suffrage was ensured. Later, a new constitution after voting to have a monarchical government was promulgated. -
Spanish Glorious Revolution 2
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Amadeus of Savoy
Amadeus was the only Spanish king from the House of Savoy. He was the second son of King Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy and was always known as the Duke of Aosta. He was born in Turin, Italy in 1845 and in 1867 married Donna Mario Vittoria dal Pozza for her money. He was King of Spain from the second of January of 1871 to the tenth of February of 1873, when he abdicated from the Spanish throne because he was unable to deal with several problem the country was facing. He died in 1890. -
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Amadeus of Savoy 2
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Third Carlist War
The Carlist Wars were a series of civil wars that took place in Spain during the 19th century. The contenders fought to establish their claim to the throne, although some political differences also existed. The Third Carlist War (1872–1876) began in the aftermath of the deposition of one ruling monarch and abdication of another. http://www.spanishwars.net/19th-century-third-carlist-war.html -
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First Republic
King Amadeo I abdicated the Spanish throne on 10 February 1873. After this moment, a republic was set up in Spain. The First Spanish Republic was governed by four distinct presidents —Estanislao Figueras, Pi i Margall, Nicolás Salmerón, Emilio Castelar. Twenty two months after the abdication of King Amadeo I, on 29 December 1874 General Manuel Pavía mounted a coup d’état and established a unified republic led by General Francisco Serrano in 1874. -
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First Republic 2
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Cuban War
The Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898) was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain. On August 12, the United States and Spain signed a protocol of Peace, in which Spain agreed to relinquish all claim of sovereignty and title over Cuba. On December 10, 1898, the United States and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris, which recognized Cuban independence. https://www.ecured.cu/Guerra_hispano-cubano-estadounidense
