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Period: 1450 to
European Exploration
Europeans began crossing the Atlantic ocean in the search of the northwest passage. they instead wound up discovering north america. many of the lands they discovered were claimed for there mother country. Spain, England, France, and Netherlands were some of the countries involved in exploring new worlds. -
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New France
The French, represented by Samuel De Champlain, established the colony of new France along the eastern coast of Quebec and part of the Maritimes. -
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New France
the reason for establishing colonies was due to mercantilism. many governments thought that increasing the amount of trade would lead to an increase in wealth. this also lead to many disputes between them. -
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Next step: New France.
In 1663, new France became a Royal colony under king Louis XIV (14) of France. king Louis granted land along the st. Lawrence river to seigneurs then divided the land and lent them out to Habitants to farm. -
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Roman Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic church played an important role in the development of new France. They set up schools, hospitals, provided religious teachings, and influenced many major decisions. -
Hudson's Bay Company
The English were also interested in obtaining wealth through the fur trade. in 1670, king Charles ll of England granted a charter to the Hudson's bay company. this character gave HBC a monopoly for all trading on lands that drained into the Hudson's bay. -
Treaty Of Utrecht
The Treaty Of Utrecht, Britain and France peace agreement to end a war. In Utrecht in the Netherlands. 11 April 1713. They wanted to end the war of the Spanish Succession between Britain and France. The treaty recognized Queen Anne as the legitimate sovereign of England and officially ended french support for the claims of the Jacobite party to the British thrown. -
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Seven Years War
The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great powers of Europe. France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden, and Russia were aligned on one side against Prussia, Hanover, and Great Britain on the other. The seven years war begins when England declares war on France. France lost all claims to Canada and gave Louisiana to Spain, while Britain received Spanish Florida, Upper Canada, and various French holdings overseas. The war took place in Europe, India, and america. -
Battle Of The Plains Of Abraham
Battle of Quebec, also called Battle of the Plains of Abraham in the French and Indian War, decisive defeat of the French under the marquis de Montcalm by a British force led by Maj. Gen. James Wolfe. Both commanding officers died from wounds sustained during the battle, and within a year French Canada had capitulated to British forces. With the end of hostilities in 1763, France surrendered virtually all of its colonial possessions in North America. -
British Royal Proclamation
The British Royal Proclamation dealt with the management of former French territories in North America that Britain acquired following its victory over France in the French and Indian War, as well as regulating colonial settlers' expansion. -
Quebec Act
Quebec Act, 1774, passed by the British Parliament to institute a permanent administration in Canada replacing the temporary government created at the time of the Proclamation of 1763. It gave the French Canadians complete religious freedom and restored the French form of civil law.The act repealed the loyalty oath and reinstated French civil law in combination with British criminal law. -
The War Of 1812
conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain over British violations of U.S. maritime rights. It ended with the exchange of ratification of the Treaty of Ghent. -
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Rebellions of 1837-1838
In 1837 and 1838, insurgents in Upper and Lower Canada led rebellions against the Crown and the political status quo It led to the Act of Union, which merged the two colonies into the Province of Canada. It also resulted in the introduction of responsible government. -
Formation Of Responsible Government
Responsible government was created in several colonies of British North America between 1848 and 1850, with the executive council creating policy with the assistance of the legislative branch, the legislature voting approval or disapproval, and the appointed governor enacting those policies -
The Development of French Nationalism
When the Act of Union joined Upper Canada and Lower Canada into one colony called the Province of Canada in 1840, the new colony’s government was dominated by English politicians. They wanted to assimilate the French people, despite the fact that the majority of the population of Canada East was French. This means that the British wanted the French to adapt to their own English customs, and they wanted to remove the French language from the colony altogether. -
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Seigneurs and Land Ownership
Wealthy landowners who rented out smaller plots of land to Canadien farmers were known as seigneurs. The Papineaus sold and rented land to thousands of other Canadiens. Sawmills were their main business, but they also profited from owning large commercial farms. Many Canadien farmers rented land from the Papineaus or bought it on credit, but could not make their regular payments. They had to give up their plots of land, or sell them back to the Papineaus for a small part of what they had paid. -
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Atlantic Canada
the Atlantic colonies were Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia.Despite being located in the same region, the colonies of Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were very different from each other. During the first half of the 1800s, most of the goods produced by the Atlantic colonies went to Britain, the United States, the West Indies, and Latin America, rather than to the other British colonies in North America.that changed later on -
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Canada west Part: 1
During the first half of the 1800s, tens of thousands of British immigrants arrived every year in Canada West. They occupied fertile land on which First Nations peoples had been living. By the 1850s, Canada West was changing from scattered, isolated settlements to a lively network of farms, towns, and cities. By the mid-1800s, some First Nations communities had successfully adopted European styles of agriculture. -
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canada west part:2
The Mississauga of the Credit River were one such community. However, new immigrants and land development companies all wanted the last of the fertile land. The government refused to acknowledge that Mississauga had ownership of their land and would not sell them the land. The Credit River Mississauga left their village and farmland in 1847. he land was then auctioned off to settlers. -
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canada west part:3
As the railways pushed farther north from Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, settlers took over more land.Slavery was abolished in British North America in 1833. However, it was still legal in the southern part of the United States. To help enslaved Black people escape to the northern states and British North America, a secret network developed. It became known as the Underground Railroad. It was not an actual railroad, but it was a network of people and safe housing. In 1850, the United States passed -
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canada west part: 4
the Fugitive Slave Act. This law gave slave owners the right to find and recapture escapees, even where slavery was illegal. Two Ojibwe leaders at the time were Nahnebahwequay, also known as Catherine Sutton, and Kezhegowinninne, also known as David Sawyer. They travelled through Canada West to help local bands start farms in such places as the Garden River Reserve, Owen Sound, and Rice Lake. The success of these farms attracted the attention of eager immigrant farmers who wanted morefertileland -
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canada west part: 5
The government of Canada West forced band after band to sign away their assigned territories. A few First Nations tried to buy their own land back. The Canadian government would not allow them to do so. Catherine Sutton and many other First Nations people spoke out against this unfair treatment. Many people in Britain also protested against this treatment after learning about it. -
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What Changed in the Northwest and Pacific Coast
Vancouver Island became a british colony in 1849. The governor, James Douglas, tried making peace to First Nations by giving a small area of land . In 1858 gold was found in New Caledonia and it became a British Colony. The territory was named British Columbia. People came from all over the world for gold. Mining on First Nations territory disrupted their lives, which resulted in several conflicts. To resolve this, James made deals with the First Nations. Vancouver Island soon became home to