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Period: to
American Early National Period
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Benjamin Franklin
Started first secondary school in Philadelphia and was open for anyone who could pay the tuition. The school offered a broad range of subjects. Franklin began the first public library. He worked to expand educational opportunities. -
Role of Teachers
Were positive role models of good citizenship. Expected to be involved with the community and church. -
School Curriculum
Taught basics of reading, writing, and math. School was often taught through a tutor at home. -
Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson wanted to make elementary schools available without cost. He established the University of Virginia in 1819. He was also a major role in establishing the current American education system. -
The Morrill Act
The Morrill Act AKA the Land Grant College Act, gave the right to establish colleges in every state. These colleges taught agriculture, home economics, and other useful education. The second Morrill Act in 1890 expanded the system. -
Period: to
American Common School Period
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Horace Mann
Served as the first secretary of the State of Board in Massachusetts which made an impact on education. He worked hard to establish free, public education for boys & girls. First public state-supported schools were called "common schools". He also succesfully advocated the establishment for free libraries. -
School Curriculum
This time period brought more change in how education was taught rather than what was being taught. Kindergardens in public schools were established and started the use of the McGuffey Readers. -
The McGuffey Readers
The McGuffey Readers was a series of schoolbooks that were used across the country and created by Reverend William Holmes McGuffey. They taught reading, writing, and other moral lessons. Subsequent McGuffey readers taught history, biology, speech and other subjects as well. -
Role of Teachers
At the beginning of the time period, the country was still mostly rural. Teachers taught children either at home or in small schoolhouses. Their pay was quite low, not because education was not valued but because running schools were expensive. At this time more women enrrolled in schools which provided them to make a living on their own. -
African American Education
Only very few african american were able to read and write and those who did often did so in secret because whites thought it would lead to rebellion. First african american colleges were founded such as Howard University and Spellman College for women. -
Period: to
Amrican Progressive Period
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Segregated Education
During this time period schools were still highly segregated. African American schools recieved less funding than whites and the teachers were paid less. -
Role of Teachers
Teachers were considered professionals and were well trainedto run classrooms and teach a variety of subjects. The teachers first labor union was formed which fought to improve their pay, status, and working conditions. More women became teachers and some even became principles. -
School Curriculum
Many believed that the curriculum being taught was too standardized and that students should be encouraged think critically & indpendently. One big change during this era was the opening of many more public highschools which gave students the ability to continue their education and prepare for a career. -
John Dewey
Dewey believed that classrooms needed to adapt to the needs of the students such as their interests, and abilities. He wanted the kids to learn from experience and real-life activites. -
Maria Montessori
Maria tried to find ways to help children with diffuculty learning. The educational program she developed is is known today as the Montessori method. It's different because it considers the kid needs instead of only their intellectual needs. -
Period: to
1920's & The Great Depression Era
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Impact of Economy on Schools
Schools faced a shortage of cash causing some schools to shorten the school year and teachers pay was either decreased or eliminated. The basics of living was hard to pay for so many people did not have enough money for schoolbooks or supplies. -
Dick & Jane Readers
The books of were released in the early 1930's and were used for beginning readers. These books helped standardize education.
