History of an Atom

  • 450 BCE

    Democritus

    Democritus thought about what happens when you cut the smallest matter into a smaller piece, in about 450 B.C.
  • Isaac Newton

    Isaac Newton theorized a mechanical universe with small, solid masses in motion.
  • Dalton

    Around 1800, a British chemist named John Dalton revived Democritus’s early ideas about the atom.
  • Mendeleev

    Dmitri Mendeleev created the periodic table.
  • Wilhelm Roentgen

    Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays.
  • Thomson

    Thomson discovered electrons.
  • Cathode Ray Tube Expirement

    The first ray tube was invented by William Crookes in 1897. The development of the television was based on the CRT.
  • Rutherford

    Rutherford discovered the nucleus.
  • Max Planck

    Max Planck proposed the idea of quantization to explain how a hot, glowing object emitted light.
  • Millikan Oil Drop Experiment

    Robert A Millikan created a way to measure the electric charge of a single electron, using the oil drop experiment.
  • Gold Foil Experiment

    In 1911, Rutherford used alpha particles to study atoms. He aimed a beam of alpha particles at a very thin sheet of gold foil.
  • Bohr

    In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed a theory for the hydrogen atom based on quantum theory that energy is transferred only in certain well defined quantities. Electrons should move around the nucleus but only in prescribed orbits.
  • Francis William

    Francis William Aston used a mass spectrograph to identify 212 isotopes.
  • Electron Cloud Model

    Erwin Schrödinger developed the probability function for the Hydrogen atom. The cloud model represents a sort of history of where the electron has probably been and where it is likely to be going.
  • First Nuclear Reactor

    Enrico Fermi created the first man-made nuclear reactor.