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Miescher
Miescher was given the task of researching the composition of white blood cells. Miescher collected bandages from a nearby clinic and washed off the pus. He experimented and isolated a new molecule - nuclein - from the cell nucleus. He determined that nuclein was made up of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus and there was an unique ratio of phosphorus to nitrogen. He was able to isolate nuclein from other cells and later used salmon sperm (as opposed to pus) as a source. -
Additional Discovery - Sir Archibald Edward Garrod
In 1902, Sir Archibald Edward Garrod became the first person to associate Mendel's theories with a human disease. Garrod had studied medicine at Oxford University before following in his father's footsteps and becoming a physician. Whilst studying the human disorder alkaptonuria, he collected family history information from his patients. Through discussions with Mendelian advocate William Bateson, he concluded that alkaptonuria was a recessive disorder and, in 1902, and he published it. -
Griffith
In 1928 an army medical officer named Frederick Griffith was trying to find a vaccine against streptococcus pneumoniae , but instead made a breakthrough in world of heredity. He did four experiments in which he injected strands of bacteria into mice, one strand that was harmless (R) and one that was harmful (S). -
Avery
Avery was one of the first molecular biologists and a pioneer in immunochemistry, but he is best known for the experiment (published in 1944 with his co-workers Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty) that isolated DNA as the material of which genes and chromosomes are made. -
Chargaff
Through careful experimentation, Chargaff discovered two rules that helped lead to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA. ... This hinted at the base pair makeup of DNA. The second rule was that the relative amounts of guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine bases varies from one species to another. -
Franklin and Wilkins
James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin. These four scientists—Watson, Crick, Franklin, and Wilkins—codiscovered the double-helix structure of DNA, which formed the basis for modern biotechnology. -
Hershey and Chase
Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material. They determined that a protective protein coat was formed around the bacteriophage, but that the internal DNA is what conferred its ability to produce progeny inside a bacterium. -
Watson and Crick
The discovery in 1953 of the double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology, which is largely concerned with understanding how genes control the chemical processes within -
Additional discovery - George Gamow
Following Watson and Crick's discovery, scientists entered a period of frenzy, in which they rushed to be the first to decipher the genetic code. Theoretical physicist and astronomer George Gamow decided to make the race more interesting - he created an exclusive club known as the “RNA Tie Club”, in which each member would put forward their ideas about how nucleotide bases were transformed into proteins by the body's cells.
