-
DISCLAIMER
All of the dates listed under January 1st are not the actual dates. I repeat, if an event is listed under January 1st it is not the actual month and day, only the correct year. I do not have the exact date provided. -
INTRODUCTION
Even though man was trying to thrive and create machines, they harmed the fish population in the process and they tried to fix their mistakes eventually. -
Period: to
1800-2015
-
Commercial Fishing
In 1823 the first commercial fishing took place by Euro-American Settlers. This led to lots of commercial fishing, which in turn wiped out salmon populations. -
Treaties with Columbia River Tribes
IN 1855, treaties were made with the Columbia River Tribes. The tribes gave up most of their land, but reserved the right to fish in reservation spots, and where any non indians were allowed to fish. This made many people worry about the future of fish and made them wonder if they were being overfished. -
The First Cannery
In 1866, William Hume and his brother, George, opened the first cannery at Eagle Cliff. During the spring of 1867, they canned 4,000 cases of fish (48 cans per case). -
Canneries Opening
In 1868, John Westopened a cannery at Westport between Portland and Astoria. over the next 12 years, more canneries started opening. By the mid 1880's, more than 30 fish-canning factories lined Columbia River from Astoria to The Dalles Dam. These canneries put up about 634,000 cases of salmon each year. -
Limiting the Fishing Season
Salmon canning escalated from 10,000 cases in 1869 to more than 400,000 in 1874. This caused state and federal agenencies to limit the fishing season. -
First Salmon Hatchery
The first North West salmon hatchery was established in Oregon in 1887. This hatchery was just the start of what would become many hatcheries. In fact, by 1990, more than 75% of *andromous fish returning to the river were bred in hatcheries. *andomous means fish that migrate upstream to breed -
Outlawing the Fishwheel
Fishwheels are a method of commercial fishing that are large revolving wheels ued to scoop up fish. One fishwheel has a record of catching 227,000 lbs of salmon in one day in 1894. 1927, Oregon decided that fishwheels were too devastating to the fish population, and banned them. Washington followed and banned the wheel in 1934. -
The Mitchell Act
The Mitchell act was a result of hatcheries harming fish. Federal agencies relocated hatcheries and forced owners to build completely new hatcheries that would agree with state agencies. The Mitchell act is working to "...improve fish habitat and "screen irrigation works." Screen Irrigation Works is just making sure that the fish go where they're supposed to. -
Dams Completed
Years the Dams were completed:
Rock Island Dam-1933 This was the first of the dams on the Columbia River Mainstream.
Bonneville Dam-1938 This Dam was authorized to be built, because people needed jobs during the Great Depression.
Grand Coulee Dam- 1942 This dam blocks salmon access to 1,00 river miles of habitat.
McNary Dam- 1954
The Dalles Dam- 1957
All of these dams affect fish migration and survival -
U.S. and Canada Columbia River Treaty
The U.S and Canada Columbia River Treaty funded three dams in upper British Columbia. Thsi treaty also issued Columbia Hydropower. We sent hydropower to places in cluding California and the military. 90% of our hydropower went to war industries. -
Columbia Inter-Tribal Fish Commission
Natives were forcing state and federal laws to honor treaty agreements made in 1850. In fear of problems for the fish, the Columbia River Inter-tribal Fish Commision was created. This was meant to "...ensure a unified voice in the overall management of the fishery resourcess... and to protect reserved treaty rights..." This way, the fish were being protected, and the treaty agreements were being honored. -
Northwest Power Act
This act was meant "...to treat fish and wildlife as a co-equal partner with other uses in the management and operation of hydro projects of this region..." This act (along with the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Panning and Conservation Act0created the Northwest Power and Planning Council. -
The Last Cannery Standing
In 1980, the last Columbia River cannery closed. This was a result of Congress passing the "Pacific Northwest Electric Power Panning and Conservation Act" on December 5th, 1980. This act formed the Northwest Power and Planning Council. This council protects and tries to improve the habitat and situations of the wildlife on the Columbia River affected by construction. -
Talk about dams
Today, there are major discussuions about altering dams to do less harm to the environment, and to fish. -
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Harrison, John. "Nwcouncil.org." Northwest Power Act. N.p., 31 Oct. 2008. Web. 04 May 2015. https://www.nwcouncil.org/history/NorthwestPowerAct. Lang, William L. "Columbia River." Columbia River. N.p., 2015. Web. 04 May 2015. http://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/columbia_river/#.VUbj7_lVikp. "Thousands of Years BP." N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2015. http://www.opb.org/programs/oregonstory/fishing/timeline.html. -
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Topinka, Lyn. "The Columbia River - Eagle Cliff, Washington." The Columbia River - Eagle Cliff, Washington. N.p., Feb. 2013. Web. 04 May 2015. http://columbiariverimages.com/Regions/Places/eagle_cliff.html. -
Pacific Fishery Management Council
Today, the Pacific Fishery Management Council discusss making cuts in commercial fishing for snapper, black cod, lincod, Dover sole, and other west coast groundfish. Fishing has gotten out of hand and National Marine Fisheries Service may have to list coastal coho under endangered species. -
PICTURE CREDIT
Picture of Grand Coulee Dam crdit to Wikipedia Picture of Fish wheel credit to Ron Niebrugge Picture of Cannery credit to Wikipedia Picture of cooked salmon credit to Body Food Kitchen Picture of two men fishing credit to Jim White Picture of dam construction credit to Bob Baumgarten
