History of Multicultural Education

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  • The Mayflower arrives at Cape Cod

    The Mayflower arrives at Cape Cod
    1.1620 - The Mayflower arrives at Cape Cod, bringing the "Pilgrims" who establish the Plymouth Colony. Many of the Pilgrims are Puritans who had fled religious persecution in England. Their religious views come to dominate education in the New England colonies.

  • The African Institute opens in Cheyney, Pennsylvania.

    The African Institute opens in Cheyney, Pennsylvania.
    The African Institute (later called the Institute for Colored Youth) opens in Cheyney, Pennsylvania. Now called Cheyney University, it the oldest institution of higher learning for African Americans.

  • The first Indian boarding school opens in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

    The first Indian boarding school opens in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
    The first Indian boarding school opens in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. It becomes the model for a total of 26 similar schools, all with the goal of assimilating Indian children into the mainstream culture. The schools leave a controversial legacy. Though some see them as a noble, albeit largely unsuccessful experiment, many view their legacy to be one of alienation and "cultural dislocation."

  • Homer Plessy, a 30-year-old African American, challenges the state of Louisiana's "Separate Car Act,"

    Homer Plessy, a 30-year-old African American, challenges the state of Louisiana's "Separate Car Act,"
    Homer Plessy arguing that requiring Blacks to ride in separate railroad cars violates the 13th and 14th Amendments. The U.S. Supreme Court upholds the Louisiana law stating in the majority opinion that the intent of the 14th Amendment "had not been intended to abolish distinctions based on color." Thus, the Supreme Court ruling in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson makes "separate but equal" policies legal.

  • The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is founded.

    The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is founded.
    The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is founded. So is the American Educational Research Association (AERA).

  • Federal troops enforce integration in Little Rock, Arkansas as the Little Rock 9 enroll at Central High School.

    Federal troops enforce integration in Little Rock, Arkansas as the Little Rock 9 enroll at Central High School.
    Federal troops enforce integration in Little Rock, Arkansas as the Little Rock 9 enroll at Central High School.

  • First grader Ruby Bridges is the first African American to attend William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans.

    First grader Ruby Bridges is the first African American to attend William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans.
    First grader Ruby Bridges is the first African American to attend William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans. She becomes a class of one as parents remove all Caucasian students from the school.

  • Dr. Martin Luther King, Nobel Prize winner and leader of the American Civil Rights Movement, is assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4th.

    Dr. Martin Luther King, Nobel Prize winner and leader of the American Civil Rights Movement, is assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4th.
    Dr. Martin Luther King, Nobel Prize winner and leader of the American Civil Rights Movement, is assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4th. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday, observed on the third Monday of January, celebrates his "life and legacy."

  • The Indian Education Act becomes law and establishes "a comprehensive approach to meeting the unique needs of American Indian and Alaska Native students"

    The Indian Education Act becomes law and establishes "a comprehensive approach to meeting the unique needs of American Indian and Alaska Native students"
    The Indian Education Act becomes law and establishes "a comprehensive approach to meeting the unique needs of American Indian and Alaska Native students"

  • The Refugee Act of 1980 is signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on March 18th.

    The Refugee Act of 1980 is signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on March 18th.
    The Refugee Act of 1980 is signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on March 18th. Building on the Immigration Act of 1965, it reforms immigration law to admit refugees for humanitarian reasons and results in the resettlement of more than three-million refugees in the United States including many children who bring special needs and issues to their classrooms.