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Disability Institutionalization
Individuals with disabilities were institutionalized to essentially remove them from society. Patients were not provided treatment or other related services for behavioral or cognitive deficits. -
Plessy V Ferguson
Segregation based on race was deemed constitutional when facilities for white people and black people were the same. States had the power to segregate individuals based on race. Essentially, the concept of "separate but equal" was allowable. The concept of "separate but equal" was also infused throughout the school systems throughout the country. This impacted special education, as students with disabilities were not educated in an inclusive setting with non-disabled peers. -
1st U.S. Special Education Class
In the United States, the first special education class was provided to students with disabilities in Rhode Island. -
Beattie V Board of Education
Court supported a school's decision to expel a student due to his physical disability. The student's teachers and peers felt disturbed by the physical characteristics of the disability (facial contortions, excessive drooling, speech difficulties). The court's reasoning included that the presence of the student with a disability impedes the learning of students without disabilities. -
Council for Exceptional Children
Founded by a group of teachers, this organization's mission is to empower educational professionals who work with children with disabilities. Today, this organization is actively working in all 50 states to aide professional growth, collaboration, and networking. -
Brown V Board of Education
"Separate but equal" was ruled as no longer constitutional. Students could not be educated in separate facilities based on race. This paved the way for children with disabilities no longer being educated separately from their non-disabled peers. YouTube: Brown v. Board of Education in PBS' The Supreme Court -
PARC V Pennsylvania
Bobby Adams was denied public education services due to significant academic deficits. Bobby's father was a part of PARC and fought to overturn the Pennsylvania state law that allowed schools to deny children of educational services due to disability and learning deficits. This established the rights students with disabilities have to a free and appropriate education. Digital Storytelling: PARC vs. Pennsylvania -
Mills V Board of Education
This lawsuit due to several students denied access to educational services due to the extenuating costs to the school. The outcome of this lawsuit resulted in the requirement of school districts to pay for educational services regardless of the cost. Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia (1972) -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Law that established the right for all children regardless of disability to receive a free and appropriate public education. This landmark act paved the way for additional protections, services, and resources to be provided to children with disabilities to fulfill their right to a free and appropriate public education.
[PL 94-142: 5 Ways This Historical Law Has Transformed Education(https://eunasolutions.com/resources/understanding-pl-94-142-5-ways-this-historical-law-has-transformed-education/) -
International Disability Alliance
This organization ensures the rights of individuals with disabilities are met globally. -
No Child Left Behind
A significant education reform, an increase of federal regulation requires student progress and proficiency in reading, mathematics, and writing to be evaluated to ensure all students are progressing academically. Certification requirements for teachers increased. Students with disabilities must also meet specific evaluation criteria to ensure academic progress is being made. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was renamed to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act as a result of the reauthorization of the EHA in 1990. The most recent reauthorization of the IDEA, in 2004, detailed the rights all children with disabilities have to a free and appropriate public education. This includes the implementation of an individualized education plan, parental/student rights, appropriate evaluation, and more. -
Autism Speaks
This organization is dedicated to promoting inclusion for all individuals with autism and their families. A plethora of resources are promoted through this organization to meet the comprehensive needs of individuals with autism. Autism Speaks was founded by Bob and Suzanne Wright who were impacted by autism when their grandsons were diagnosed.