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Giordano Bruno
Giordano Bruno burned as a heretic. English East India Company established. -
Virginia
Jamestown, Virginia, established—first permanent English colony on American mainland. Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, saves life of John Smith -
Galileo
Galileo sees the moons of Jupiter through his telescope. -
Gustavus Adolphus
Gustavus Adolphus elected King of Sweden. King James Version of the Bible published in England. Rubens paints his Descent from the Cross. -
Thirty Years War
1618
Start of the Thirty Years' War > Protestants revolt against Catholic oppression; Denmark, Sweden, and France will invade Germany in later phases of war. Kepler proposes last of three laws of planetary motion. -
Slaves to British North America
A Dutch ship brings the first African slaves to British North America. -
African slaves
A Dutch ship brings the first African slaves to British North America. -
Pilgrims
Pilgrims, after three-month voyage in Mayflower, land at Plymouth Rock. Francis Bacon's Novum Organum. -
Netherlands
The Netherlands and England sign the Treaty of The Hague, a military peace treaty for providing economical aid to king Christian IV of Denmark during his military campaigns in Germany. -
Bolivia
In Bolivia the Potosi (San Ildefonso) dam collapsed. It was one of the major hydraulic disasters in the world with some 4,000 human lives lost. -
Lord Baltimore
Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore. -
Civil War
English Civil War. Cavaliers, supporters of Charles I, against Roundheads, parliamentary forces. -
Thirty Years war
End of the Thirty Years' War. German population about half of what it was in 1618 because of war and pestilence. -
Massachusetts
Massachusetts declared itself an independent commonwealth. -
Cromwell
Cromwell dies; son Richard resigns and Puritan government collapses. -
English Parliament
English Parliament calls for the restoration of the monarchy; invites Charles II to return from France. -
Charles II
Charles II is crowned King of England. Louis XIV begins personal rule as absolute monarch; starts to build Versailles. -
British
British take New Amsterdam from the Dutch. English limit “Nonconformity” with reestablished Anglican Church. Isaac Newton's experiments with gravity -
Great Plague
1665
Great Plague in London kills 75,000. -
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania founded by William Penn.