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Independence of Haiti
On August 22, 1791, a slave uprising began in the northern part of the island, which soon encompassed the entire colony. In the first two months, the rebel slaves killed up to 2,000 whites and destroyed 280 plantations.
On April 4, 1792, in France and its colonies, the equality of all free people, regardless of skin color, was proclaimed and a commission was sent to Santo Domingo, which attempted to simultaneously oppose the local white elite and repress the slave uprising. -
Independence of Colombia
Al período comprendido entre 1810 y 1816 se le conoce como la Patria Boba, pues fue caracterizado por los intensos combates entre los independentistas para definir la forma de gobierno que el nuevo estado debería tener. La lucha constante entre federalistas y centralistas produjo, en esta nación apenas en formación y desarrollo, inestabilidad política y varias guerras regionales y civiles en todo el territorio. -
Independence of Mexico
The beginning stage of the Mexican War of Independence corresponds to the popular uprising led by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. Discovered by the Spanish, the Querétaro conspirators had no alternative but to go to arms earlier than originally planned. The members of the conspiracy were without a base of support at that time, so Hidalgo had to summon the town of Dolores to revolt against the Spanish authorities on September 16, 1810. The insurgents advanced rapidly towards the main cities del Bajío. -
independence of venezuela
In the Supreme Congress of Venezuela there were two competing factions: the separatists and the fidelistas. The separatists were supporters of the independence of Venezuela, while the Fidelistas were loyal to King Fernando VII. As the sessions of the Congress developed, the idea of independence was gaining adherents within it. Many deputies supported her with passionate allegations, others with historical arguments. -
Independence of Paraguay
At 10 pm on the 14th, Pedro Juan Caballero made the cathedral bells ring unexpectedly; It was the agreed signal for the conspirators to gather at the headquarters in front of the plaza. Caballero and Iturbe advanced towards the barracks with 3 infantry companies and 3 artillery companies, being cleared by the commander of the guard, captain Mauricio José Troche, managing to seize the artillery and weapons park without any resistance. -
Independence of Argentina
On May 29, the Junta ordered a general reorganization of the forces in the capital and a rigorous campaign of vacancies and unemployed was established to fill the vacancies. Ultimately, the first armies available to the River Plate governments originated in the urban militias of Buenos Aires.48 Although the troops were numerous, they had no other experience than the English Invasions, and their officers were as inexperienced as the soldiers. -
Independence of Chile
It is also necessary to remember that independence is not the equivalent of republicanism nor does it imply that one was or is a supporter of democracy. It is also useful to keep in mind that many people wavered between these positions or had intermediate visions. Especially among the "liberals" and the "exalted" there were those who wavered between a democratic government and some form of constitutional monarchy. -
Independence of Peru
The Inca resistance to the conquest and the rebellions in the viceregal period of Peru occurred since the capture of the Inca Atahualpa in the ambush of Cajamarca, on November 16, 1532, and which led to the conquest of Peru by Francisco Pizarro. The successors of the Incas tried on several occasions to retake the original control of the Empire. A few attempts occurred immediately; others, later, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. -
Independence of Panama
After the events of November 10 in the Villa de Los Santos, the independence of Panama was already a fact. All this and the circumstance that a Panamanian occupied the first position in the country, fueled in the isthmeños the idea of emancipating themselves by their own efforts from Spain, considering that José de Fábrega would not make an invincible opposition to the purpose of liberating their own homeland. -
Independence of Costa Rica
On November 5, 1811, a conspiracy broke out in the province of San Salvador (which covered most of what is now El Salvador) a conspiracy led by priests José Matias Delgado and Nicolás Aguilar, two brothers of the latter and Messrs. Juan Manuel Rodríguez and Manuel José Arce. Their plan consisted of seizing weapons that existed in the San Salvador casemate and two hundred thousand pesos deposited in the royal coffers, with what they believed was enough to launch the cry of freedom.4 -
Independence of Guatemala
After being part of the vast Spanish Empire,
Honduras along with the rest of Central American countries,
proclaimed its independence from Spain on
September 1821. Later, these countries became
annexed the empire of Mexico for a short period of
time that ended on July 1, 1823. Then,
Honduras became part of the Federal Republic
of American Center. This union lasted until 1839, when
the Guatemalan oligarchy, under the leadership of Rafael Carrera ended. -
Independence of Honduras
In March 1824, a congress met in Guatemala and the Federal Republic of Central America was founded, consisting of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The new Republic had a short existence, and after several civil wars, the Union was dissolved on October 26, 1838, and the five states of the Republic were erected into five independent states. -
Independence of Nicaragua
The independence of Nicaragua occurred during September 1821, when observing how other Spanish regions won the war of independence, Nicaraguan leaders began a negotiation process, by drafting an act of independence that was recognized by the heads of the Crown. -
Independence of Republica Dominicana
It was not until December 1, 1821 that the former captain general and writer José Núñez de Cáceres declared the first independence of Spanish Santo Domingo, making it the Independent State of Spanish Haiti and requesting its incorporation into the Greater Colombia of Simón Bolívar. But his small state only lasted two months, the time it took for Haitian President Jean-Pierre Boyer to enter the front of his army on February 9, 1822 in Santo Domingo, unifying the island under the name of Haiti. -
Independence of Brazil
The territory now occupied by Brazil was claimed by Portugal for the first time on April 22, 1500.The permanent settlement in the territory began by the Portuguese, who expanded the territory towards the West during the next 300 years until they established almost all the borders that constitute today's Brazil. In 1808, the army of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Portugal and forced the Portuguese royal family to go into exile. -
Independence of Ecuador
At the beginning of the 19th century the insurrections welcomed the preaching of Eugenio Espejo from the previous decade. Some of the international events such as the Declaration of Independence of the United States in 1776 from Great Britain and the French Revolution of 1789, served as an example to the Creoles by showing them that an autonomous or even independent system of government was possible. -
Independence of Bolivia
After the triumph of Ayacucho, and following specific instructions from Bolívar, Commander Sucre entered high Peruvian territory on August 6, 1825. His role was limited to giving legality to a process that the patriots themselves had already started.
But the destiny of the new republic was subject to three possibilities: to continue the unity with Buenos Aires, joining the United Provinces; maintain adherence to Peru. -
Indepence of Uruguay
The spirit of the campaign was definitely rebellious, especially after the May Revolution and the repressive measures adopted by Soria and Elío from Montevideo. Joaquín Suárez, with prominent figures from the Creole patriciate, held conspiratorial meetings in order to promote the revolution in the Banda Oriental. Some authors mention the Conspiracy of the White House , aborted by Michelena on February 11, 1811, however more critical authors think that it never existed. -
Independence of Cuba
The explosion of the American battleship Maine marked the entry of the United States into the war. The declaration of war on Spain was immediate and the fighting, which had previously focused on land, moved to the sea, but the royalist fleets could not respond to the modern American battleships. The capture of Santiago de Cuba and the military superiority of the North American troops, supported at all times by the Cuban forces under the command of General Calixto García. -
Independence of El Salvador
The Uprising of November 5, 1811. It was defeated in December 1811. Known as the First Cry of Independence, it was led by José Matías Delgado, Manuel José Arce and the Aguilar brothers in San Salvador. It was extended in the following days of November to the cities of Santiago Nonualco, Usulután, Chalatenango, Santa Ana, Tejutla and Cojutepeque. There were 2 uprisings related to it, which became relevant, the one on December 20 1811 which occurred in Sensuntepeque and the one on November 24 1811
