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Treaty of Fontainebleau
The Treaty of Fontainebleau was a secret agreement signed on 27 October 1807 in Fontainebleau (France) between King Charles IV of Spain and the French Emperor Napoleon. Under the treaty, they agree to conquer Portugal and share the lands, but Napoleon had a different idea. -
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Motín de Aranjuez
The Tumult of Aranjuez (Motín de Aranjuez) was an uprising led against King Charles IV that took place in the town of Aranjuez, Spain, on 18 March 1808. The event, which is celebrated annually in the first week of September, commemorates the fall of the monarch and the subsequent accession of his son Ferdinand VII -
The Abdications of Bayonne
The abdications of Bayonne, which took place on May 5, 1808 in the castle of Marracq in the French city of Bayonne, is the name by which the successive resignations of the kings Charles IV and their son Ferdinand VII from the throne of Spain in favor of Napoleon Bonaparte, who would then transfer the rights to his brother José Bonaparte, who would reign under the name of José I. -
Battle of Bailén
The Battle of Bailén was fought during the Spanish War of Independence and was the first open field defeat in the history of the Napoleonic army. It took place on July 19, 1808, next to the Jaén city of Bailén. He faced a French army of about 21,000 soldiers under the command of General Dupont with another more numerous Spanish (about 27,000) to the orders contains, at the beginning of it, on the custom of the ancient Persians to have 5 days of anarchy after death King. -
Cortes of Cadiz
The regency council had no interest in holding the courts, but due to the strong reaction to their attitude, they were forced to maintain the call to the Cortes, after an intense debate it was decided that they should be unicameral, and elected by census suffrage and indirect. They met for the first time in Cádiz, on September 24, 1810. -
Spanish Constitution of 1812
The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy, also known as the Constitution of Cádiz and as “La Pepa”, was the first Constitution of Spain and one of the earliest constitutions in worlds history. It was established on 19 March 1812 by the Cortes of Cádiz, the first Spanish legislature that included delegates from the entire empire, including Spanish America and the Philippines. -
Battle of Vitoria
The battle of Vitoria was fought on June 21, 1813 between the French army escorting José Bonaparte on his escape and a conglomerate of British, Portuguese and Spanish troops under the command of Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington.
The Allied victory sanctioned the definitive withdrawal of the French troops from Spain and forced Napoleon to return the crown of the country to Ferdinand VII by the Treaty of Valençay of 1813. -
Treaty of Valençay
The Treaty of Valençay, after the castle of the same name was drafted by Antoine René Mathurin and José Miguel de Carvajal y Manrique on behalf of the French Empire and the Spanish Crown respectively. Intended as the preliminary to a full peace treaty between France and Spain, the agreement provided for the restoration of Ferdinand VII of Spain, imprisoned at Valençay since 1808, to the Spanish throne usurped by Joseph Bonaparte. -
First Carlist War
The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1840, the first of three Carlist Wars. It was fought between two factions over the succession to the throne and the nature of the Spanish monarchy: the conservative supporters of the late king's brother, Carlos de Borbón, became known as Carlists, while the progressive supporters of the regent, Maria Christina, acting for Isabella II of Spain, were called liberals -
Second Carlist War
The Second Carlist War, or the War of the Matiners, was a civil war occurring in Spain. Some historians consider it a direct Catalan revolt against Madrid, fought primarily in Catalonia by the Carlists under General Ramón Cabrera against the forces of the government of Isabel II. The uprising began in September 1846 and continued until May 1849, spreading to Galicia.
