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Thomas Edison
Invented the Kinetoscope which helped to bring about the visual instructional movement from 1910-1923. The first public demonstration took place on May 9th, 1893 at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetoscope -
Ivan Pavlov
After observing dogs salivate at the site of their feeders in lab coats and eventually to the sound of a bell, Pavlov developed the idea of Classical Conditioning. http://www.learning-theories.com/classical-conditioning-pavlov.html -
Visual Instruction Movement
1910-1923 The visual instruction movement began with the use of school museums. These portable museums housed films, slides, photographs, stereographs, study prints, charts, and more. The motion picture projector was a device that innovated training for teachers as well as the motion pictures use in the classroom for instructional purposes. Reiser, R.A. (2001). A history of instructional design and technology part 1: A history of instructional media. Educational Technology Research & Developme -
Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget developed the learning theory of constructivism, which focuses on how individual learners construct their knowledge. Piaget detailed how people learn through “assimilating” experiences into their existing ideas and “accommodating” their ideas to better fit their experiences. http://archivespiaget.ch/en/jean-piaget/life/index.html -
Audiovisual Instructional Movement
1939-1945- WWII The audiovisual instructional movement saw great growth with the use of training for the U.S. Military and industry. Over 400 videos and 600 fimstrips were produced in the last two years of the war. Many devices came about with the growth of this technology including; slide projectors, audio equipment, simulators, and training devices. Reiser, R.A. (2001). A history of instructional design and technology part 1: A history of instructional media. Educational Technology Research -
Claude Shannon
Claude Shannon publishes “The Mathematical Theory of Communication,” which laid the groundwork for cognitivism. The ideas in this book suggested that human thought could be understood in a machine-like way. https://mechanism.ucsd.edu/teaching/w07/philpsych/smith.cogpsychhistory.pdf -
B.F. Skinner
1954 - B.F.Skinner publishes The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching, in which he introduces the concept of programmed instructional materials. -
Edgar Dale
Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience was theorized during the 1960s and theorized that people learn by doing rather than through what is heard, read, or observed. https://www.etsu.edu/uged/etsu1000/documents/Dales_Cone_of_Experience.pdf -
Public Broadcast Act
1967 - Public Broadcasting Act is passed in the U.S., which leads to the creation of the Public Broadcasting Service. PBS produced a number of educational programs, such as Sesame Street, Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, and Nova. Source: http://www.britannica.com/topic/Public-Broadcasting-Service -
Gordon Pask
Developed Conservation Theory for use in education and based heavily on his work in cybernetics. The theory looked to explain learning in both living organisms and machines. http://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/learning/Pask.htm -
Robert Gagne
Among other things Gagne developed the 9 steps of instruction. These provided a guideline for creating an effective learning process. http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/nine_step_id.html -
Tim Berners-Lee
Inventor of the internet, also known as the World Wide Web. This took place while he was working at CERN. https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ -
Dale Dougherty and Tim O'Reilly
Popularized the term Web 2.0 at the first annual Web 2.0 Summit. The term is believed to have been coined in 1999 by Darcy DiNucci. Web 2.0 refers to the sites and tools on the internet that allow users to create their own content. Wikipedia is a great example. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0 -
Salman Khan
Khan Academy founded to provide free, world class education to anyone in the world, using YouTube to host tutorial videos. Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/28/science/salman-khan-turned-family-tutoring-into-khan-academy.html
