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U.S. Constitution 14th Amendment: July 9,1868
14th Amendment
This amendment states, “No state shall… deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” All who is born in the United States is granted citizenship and have equal rights no matter what ethnicity you are nor what language you speak. All students that were born in the U.S. should get the same treatment as any other. -
Nationality Act (Texas)
Nationality Act (Texas)
This act required all immigrants to learn how to speak English in order to become a naturalized citizen. This was very difficult for native speakers because they did not have it easy on them. English is a hard language to learn. -
Meyer v. Nebraska (1923)
Meyer v. Nebraska (1923)
This court case violated the 14th amendment, which guarantees liberty. It forbade the teaching of any language other than English until reaching the 8th grade in a private school setting. -
Mo Hock Ke Lok Po v. Stainback (1944)
Mo Hock Ke Lok Po v. Stainback (1944)
Parents were now able to have their children taught in their native tounge or native language. This was good to all those students having a rough time learning English in school. Many parents didn't know English, which made it difficult to help with assignments. -
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
This became known as the 1st Major Education Policy. It desegrated all public schools. This was huge for all the ELL students because it opened up a whole new world to all of them. They were al able to recieve the same education! -
Civil Rights Act (1964)
Civil Rights Act (1964)
This act porhibited all discrimination based on race, color, or national origin when applying for financial assistance. This act was the chief of it all, that started Bilingual Education in the U.S. -
Bilingual Education Act- BEA (1968)
Bilingual Education Act- BEA (1968)
This act established it to be federal policy for low income children to recieve the benefit to be in a bilingual education program. It was signed by President Lydon B. Johnson. It made funds available to train and carry on this type of program for non-English speakers. -
Lau v. Nichols (1974)
Lau v. Nichols (1974)
Lau v. Nichols up to this date, is the major precedent when it comes to the educational rights of language minorities. This case had impacted mainly the Chinese community, Chinese speakers. -
Bilingual Education Act or Equal Educational Opportunity Act (1974)
Bilingual Education Act (1974)
This act erased the Act of 1968. It made it clear as to what Bilingual Education was and what was expected. All ELL students, now had a voice of some sort and had opportunities. -
Castaneda vs. Pichard (1981)
Castaneda vs. Pichard (1981)
This case was important because it determined whether a school district was serving the LEP students and if the program addressed all their needs. It had three principles: "It must be based on a sound educational theory,
implemented effectively, with adequate resources and personnel, and after a trial period, it must be evaluated as effective in overcoming laguage handicaps". -
Ron Unz's Proposition 227 (California)
Ron Unz's Proposition 227 (California)
This proposition was passed but is still being debated. It mandated that all LEP students should be able to be taught English, all students should be placed in English -language classrooms, have one yea of all English instruction and be transferred into a mainstream English classroom. -
No Child Left Behind Act (2001)
No Child Left Behind (2001)
This act was passed in 2001 but wasn't officially signed until 2002. This act stated that all states were required to test annually, take record of acedemic progress, send out report cards, meet teacher qualifications, created a new grant program "Reading First" and made funds more flexible. All students were given a great opportunity for change in education.
