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Independence of Haiti
François Dominique Toussaint-Louverture took charge of a slave revolt on the French side of the island of Hispaniola and led it between 1793 and 1802. France. In 1803, Jean Jacques Dessalines finally defeated the French troops and, in 1804, declared the independence of Haiti. It was, thus, the second independent country in America, in this case, led by blacks.
In 1822, Haitian troops subdued the eastern part of the island of Hispaniola, which would regain its independence from Haiti in 1844. -
Mexico Independence
Hidalgo was placed in front of the Indians and peasants and launched, as we saw, the «cry of independence» in the town of Dolores.
Guadalajara and executed by the realistic authorities in 1811. Frustrated in their desire for autonomy and free trade, a group of conservative creoles proclaimed independence in 1821, but only when Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was proclaimed president of the Republic in 1833 Spain only recognized Mexican independence in 1839. -
Paraguay
On July 20, 1811, the Paraguayan junta sent a note in which it communicated that Paraguay would govern itself. ... The Paraguayans have made a revolution without firing a gun. On November 25, 1842, the independence of Paraguay was formally proclaimed, after the death of Doctor Francia. -
Argentina
The first Junta de Buenos Aires organized three military campaigns to subdue the Spanish forces in the interior, but they were not successful.
In the Banda Oriental, the rural population rose against the Spanish authorities in Montevideo. Colonel José Artigas commanded the revolutionary troops who defeated the royalists at the Battle of Las Piedras and besieged the walled Montevideo, where the viceregal government had moved. -
Independence of Chile
San Martin was not discouraged and decided to continue with his plans, only now he first had to liberate Chile. For that he spent years making weapons, bullets and all kinds of equipment, and organizing the Army of the Andes. The crossing was epic, but, as they had planned, the six columns met less than a month later in the Aconcagua Valley and although it suffered a serious defeat in Cancha Rayada , it triumphed in the decisive battle of Maipú , assuring the independence of Chile. -
Foundation of the great Colombia
The Congress of Angostura, established on February 15, 1819 by Simón Bolívar, began La República or the 'Gran Colombia' on December 17 of the same year. The end of this period came in 1830, a year after the liberator's resignation. -
Central America
Guatemala with its provinces declared its independence from the Spanish Crown and, shortly after, annexed Mexico to defend itself better from Spain.
This led to a civil war , in which Guatemala could not prevail. England invaded Nicaragua but was rejected, although it remained with the enclave of Belize.
Of this one separated in 1904, by the direct action of EE. UU, to control the Panama Canal promoted the formation of a separate republic. -
Peru
Buenos Aires, San Martín managed to buy a naval squadron to attack the Spaniards in Peru by sea. San Martin sailed from Valparaíso with a fleet of eight warships and 16 transport ships, and 4,500 men from the armies of the Andes and Chile. It disembarked in Pisco , and forced the realistic army to retreat towards the mountain range the mountains, with an army still very numerous. San Martin declared independence (28-07-1821) and was appointed Protector of Peru.. -
New Granada and Venezuela
Morillo soon resumed control of Venezuela and New Granada. But, in 1817, Bolívar, Piar, Páez, and other Venezuelan leaders reactivated the war. Bolivar faced and defeated Morillo in Calabozo, in 1818.One more year of skirmishes and Morillo and Bolívar sign the War Regularization Treaty , which ends the «War to Death» period. Bomboná, and entered triumphant Quito and, later, he waited for the president of Peru, General José de San Martín, to discuss the strategy to end the war. -
Pichincha Battle
The battle of Pichincha took place on May 24, 1822 between the patriotic forces commanded by the Venezuelan general Antonio José de Sucre and the royalist troops led by Melchor Aymerich. The royalists had 3,000 soldiers. ... -
Brazil: monarchical independence
When Napoleon invaded Portugal, Juan VI took refuge in Brazil and later promoted a legal reform by declaring Brazil as the territorial base of the «Empire of Brazil, Portugal, and the Algarve». In 1821, Juan VI returned to Portugal, leaving his son Pedro de Braganza as governor of Brazil, but the following year he proclaimed himself emperor of Brazil. In 1831 he abdicated and was succeeded by his son, Pedro II, who reigned until 1889 when the first republic was proclaimed. -
Battle of Junín
The battle of Junín was one of the last confrontations that the royalist and patriotic armies sustained in the process of the independence of Peru, on August 6, 1824. -
Independence of Bolivia
The Bolivian War of Independence took place in its territory during the period from 1809 to 1825. In this conflict the Bolivian patriots fought against the Spanish royalists. The patriots were victorious, achieving the Independence of Bolivia. -
Independence of Uruguay
In Uruguay, the expression Declaration of independence refers to the act carried out on August 25, 1825 by the Florida Congress, made up of representatives of the councils of the towns of the Eastern Province. -
Battle of the Portete of Tarqui
The battle of the Portete de Tarqui or battle of Tarqui was fought on February 27, 1829 in the so-called Portete de Tarqui, a few kilometers from Cuenca, Colombia, between troops from the Peruvian Republic and the Republic of Colombia. -
Disolution of the great Clombia
The final dissolution occurred on November 21, 1831, due to the political differences between centralists and federalists, in addition to the economic conflicts that Gran Colombia was going through at that time. -
Independence of Dominican Republic
On February 27, 1844, Juan Pablo Duarte and the rest of "La Triniatria" achieved the independence of the Dominican Republic as a sovereign State with a cannon shot from the "Puerta del Conde", in Santo Domingo and raised the blue, red and white from the Dominican Republic. -
Declaration of the republic of Brazil
The Proclamation of the Brazilian Republic was a military coup that occurred on November 15, 1889, which established the republican federal presidential form, collapsing the parliamentary monarchy of the Empire of Brazil and, consequently, ending the reign of Emperor Don Pedro II. -
The case of puerto rico
Spain, was produced. The rebellion is crushed in a short time. Puerto Rico continues within the Spanish system until the war between EE. UU and Spain. After the defeat of this, the island of Puerto Rico happens to be administered by EE. UU and is currently an associated free state of that country. -
Independence of Cuba
Cuban Revolutionary Cuba. Martí dies in one of the combat actions, but the revolutionary army continues to fight. The USA does not want to lose the possibility of taking over the largest island of the Antilles and, in 1898, after the explosion of the battleship Maine in the port of Havana, he declares war on Spain. The intervention of EE. UU precipitated the Spanish defeat and Cuba proclaimed its independence in 1899, although it suffered the American occupation.
