Latin American Independence

Brasil

1807

In 1807 Napoleon invaded Portugal, John VI took refuge in Brazil and in 1815 John VI promoted a legal reform - Brazil: the territorial base of the
"Empire of Brazil, Portugal and the Algarve".
In 1821 Juan VI returned to Portugal, leaving his son Pedro de Braganza as governor of Brazil, and in 1822 he proclaimed himself
emperor of Brazil.
In 1831 he abdicated and was succeeded by his son, Pedro II.
In 1889 Portugal recognized its independence.

Ecuador

1809

In 1809 Quito the first Call to Independence took place and in 1810 there was a massacre in Quito. In 1820 it was the Independence of Guayaquil on October 9.
In 1822 Patriot Army under the command of Antonio José de Sucre Pichincha.
Triumph final victory
May 24, 1822

Argentina, Paraguay & Uruguay

1810

The spontaneous revolution of Asunción liberated Paraguay
José Artigas + Banda Oriental.
Battle of Las Piedras, Site of Montevideo San Martín
United Provinces of South America Federalists against centralists
Uruguay went to war with Brazil.
Argentina Final victory February 1, 1820 Battle of Cepeda.

Chile

1810

First Junta September 18th. Royalist victory in Rancagua. O' Higgins ran away to Mendoza Argentina O' Higgins & San Martín Army of the Andes. O' Higgins & San Martín crossed the Andes mountains Battle of Chacabuco Royalist victory Cancha Rayada Battle of Maipú.
Final victory
April 5th, 1818.

México

1810

In 1809 Quito the first Call to Independence took place and in 1810 there was a massacre in Quito. In 1820 it was the Independence of Guayaquil on October 9.
In 1822 Patriot Army under the command of Antonio José de Sucre Pichincha.
Triumph final victory
May 24, 1822

New Granada & Venezuela

1817

In 1817 Bolívar, Piar, Páez and others reactivated the war.
In 1818 in Bolívar he faced and defeated Morillo in Calabozo.
In 1919 On the other side of the Andes, in the battle of Pantano de Vargas, the independence of the new Granada was sealed.
Final victory June 25, 1821.

Central America

1821

1821: Provinces of Guatemala
United Provinces of Central America.
Capital: Guatemala City.
1824 - Central American Federal Republic.
In 1838 José Francisco Morazán - separation.
From 1838-1840 it was the Civil War
In 1841 England invaded Belize and then in 1904 Panama was part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada.

Cuba

1848

In 1848 it was the Grito de Yara.
The first War of Independence called the Ten Years War or Great War.
José Martí organizes the Cuban Revolutionary Party.
In 1898 the United States declared war on Spain and in 1899 Cuba proclaimed its independence.

Puerto Rico

1868

In 1868 it was the Grito de Lares.
The rebellion is crushed in no time.
Puerto Rico continues within the Spanish system until the war between the United States and Spain.
Puerto Rico is still administered by the United States and is currently a commonwealth of that country.
Consequently, it is not an independent country.