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Division of Rio de la Plata
The Río de la Plata Province was divided into two smaller provinces: Paraguay, with Asunción as its capital, and Río de la Plata, with headquarters in Buenos Aires. -
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment inspired Peru to gain its independence from Spain. (This is not the actual date, it does not state when the Enlightenment began that specifically) -
Guajira Rebellion
The native Guajira's rebelled against the Spanish multiple times throughout history, the most notable of which being in 1769. The Spanish had taken 22 natives captive to use as laborers, and the Guajira responded by burning down their village. They ultimately killed over 100 Spanish, and wounded and took captive many more. While they never successfully fought off the Spanish, they upheld their desire for self government consistently. -
The American Revolution
The American Revolution inspired Peru and Gran Colombia (previously New Granada) to gain independence from Spain. It was a huge inspirational event for Simon Bolivar in particular. He greatly admired George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, and his beliefs mirrored theirs and he wanted democratic States and independence for his people. His beliefs differed only in that he was strongly against slavery and he thought that the North American government model would be unsuccessful in Latin America. -
Revolt of the Comuneros
As the Spanish government became more and more controlling, the Comuneros in new Granada began to violently oppose the policies they were faced with. The strict taxes and reforms could not be accepted, so up to 20,000 troops of rebels marched at Bogota to demand a different agreement. The Spanish agreed to this but took it back once the troops relented. -
The French Revolution
Peru and Gran Colombia were inspireed to gain their independence by the French Revolution. It was from 1789-1799 when the monarchy was abolished and there was a need for reforming forced by the Roman Catholic Church. During its brief existence, Gran Colombia fought for the independence of Peru in an effort to unite all of South AMerica. -
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La Patria Boba
La Patira Boba means "the foolish fatherland." This time period is known to be one intense struggle between centralists and federalists in New Granada. Many different provinces and cities in Gran Colombia declared themselves sovereign to each other during this time period. -
The Invasion of Napoleon
Napoleon invaded Spain in 1807-1808, which caused the rebels to revolt as they proclaimed thier loyalty to King Ferdenad. The first city was captured on February 16th, 1807. Napoleon put his older brother Joseph on the Spanish throne. This crisis of the Spanish monarchy affected Gran Colombia and other South American colonies because it caused Spanish officials in South America who declared loyalty to the previously abolished king. -
Paraguay's Independence Day
After France invaded Spain, King Ferdinand was captured, and Napoleon tried to put his brother on the Spanish throne, Spain's firm grasp on Paraguay and its other Latin American colonies was significantly weakened. Paraguay siezed this opportunity with a series of rebellions. Because the mother land was too weak at this point to put up much opposition, Paraguay was able to gain its independence. -
Separation of Venezuela
In 1811, Venezuela officially separated from the Viceroyalty of New Granada under spain. Their independance was consolidated when Venezuela became part of Gran Colombia in 1819. Simon Bolivar of Venezuela was crucial to the independence of the remainder of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. -
Goodbye Joseph
The Spansih got rid of Joseph, but most of the colonies had declared independence. -
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Dictatorship of Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia
Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia was the first leader and the dictaroy of Paraguay from 1814 to 1840 immediately following Paraguays independence from Spain. -
First Government Junta marking Chilean Independence
The movement began when Napoleon Bonaparte’s brother took the Spanish throne. In Chile, a local junta in Santiago decided to govern until the King returned, but didn’t declare independence right away. Instead, they remained loyal until the first experiment with self-rule, called “Patria Vieja”. Chile gained independence at the Battle of Chacabuco in 1817, led by José de San MartÍn and Bernando O’Higgins. Formal Independence came in 1818 at the Battle of Maipu. -
New Granada becomes independent: Gran Colombia
Gran Colombia existed from 1819 to 1831 and consisted of terrirories that had previously been part of the the Viceroyalty of New Granada under Spain, but had gained independence. Uprisings and revolts had occured in New Granada over the years, and ideas of freedom and self government prevailed, but natives were unsuccessful at a large scale. They eventually gained their independence with the help of Simon Bolivar who built up a small army and attacked the Spanish from Venezuela. -
Constitutional Revolution
This revolution was initiated by the Liberal constitutionalists, and lead to the consituent assembly's meeting. It was involved with the Portugese political system, and began with a military insurrection. This revolution resulted in the portugese Court returning to portugal from Brazil. -
Peru's Indpendence
Peru declared their independence in 1821, but actually gained independence in 1824.
Jose de San Martin lead Peru's independence struggle, with the help of Simon Bolivar.
Peru was the last colony who gained their independence from Spain. -
Brazil's Independence
in 1808 French troops led by Napolean invaded Portugal around the time that Portugal was being split between France and England for Trade. The Porgugese monarchs then fled only to return again in 1820 due to the political revolution. Later in 1822, Lisbon sent in a new list of demands, until a letter was sent in to prince Pedro declaring Brazil's independence from Portugal. This ended the 322 years of dominance that Portugal had had over Brazil. -
The political, social, and economic changes and continuities from independence to about 1920
The Monroe Doctrine concentrated on averting Spain from regaining their lost colonies.
Peru was free to trade with whoever
Natives have more power, but are still under the Hacienda system
